Mean Shift: A Robust Approach Toward Feature Space Analysis
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Pattern Recognition with Fuzzy Objective Function Algorithms
Pattern Recognition with Fuzzy Objective Function Algorithms
Time as essence for photo browsing through personal digital libraries
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries
Mean Shift, Mode Seeking, and Clustering
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Automated annotation of human faces in family albums
MULTIMEDIA '03 Proceedings of the eleventh ACM international conference on Multimedia
Content-based Comparison of Image Collections via Distance Measuring of Self-organised Maps
MMM '04 Proceedings of the 10th International Multimedia Modelling Conference
Leveraging face recognition technology to find and organize photos
Proceedings of the 6th ACM SIGMM international workshop on Multimedia information retrieval
Efficient propagation for face annotation in family albums
Proceedings of the 12th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia
A unified framework for image database clustering and content-based retrieval
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM international workshop on Multimedia databases
Leveraging context to resolve identity in photo albums
Proceedings of the 5th ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries
A cluster validity index for fuzzy clustering
Pattern Recognition Letters
A scalable service for photo annotation, sharing, and search
MULTIMEDIA '06 Proceedings of the 14th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia
EasyAlbum: an interactive photo annotation system based on face clustering and re-ranking
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
CVPR'04 Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE computer society conference on Computer vision and pattern recognition
Context-aided human recognition – clustering
ECCV'06 Proceedings of the 9th European conference on Computer Vision - Volume Part III
Hierarchical browsing and search of large image databases
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Unsupervised image-set clustering using an information theoretic framework
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
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In this paper we propose a probabilistic approach for the automatic organization of collected pictures aiming at more effective representation in personal photo albums. Images are analyzed and described in two representation spaces, namely, faces and background. Faces are automatically detected, rectified and represented projecting the face itself in a common low dimensional eigenspace. Backgrounds are represented with low-level visual features based on RGB histogram and Gabor filter energy. Face and background information of each image in the collection is automatically organized by mean-shift clustering technique. Given the particular domain of personal photo libraries, where most of the pictures contain faces of a relatively small number of different individuals, clusters tend to be semantically significant beyond containing visually similar data. We report experimental results based on a dataset of about 1000 images where automatic detection and rectification of faces lead to approximately 300 faces. Significance of clustering has been evaluated and results are very encouraging.