A Retrospective on the VAX VMM Security Kernel
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Programming semantics for multiprogrammed computations
Communications of the ACM
Notes on Data Base Operating Systems
Operating Systems, An Advanced Course
Verification of a Formal Security Model for Multiapplicative Smart Cards
ESORICS '00 Proceedings of the 6th European Symposium on Research in Computer Security
Smart Card Handbook
The Caernarvon secure embedded operating system
ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review
Privacy is essential for secure mobile devices
IBM Journal of Research and Development
Formalisation and verification of the globalplatform card specification using the b method
CASSIS'05 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Construction and Analysis of Safe, Secure, and Interoperable Smart Devices
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Building a high-assurance, secure operating system for memory constrained systems, such as smart cards, introduces many challenges. The increasing power of smart cards has made their use feasible in applications such as electronic passports, military and public sector identification cards, and cell-phone based financial and entertainment applications. Such applications require a secure environment, which can only be provided with sufficient hardware and a secure operating system. We argue that smart cards pose additional security challenges when compared to traditional computer platforms. We discuss our design for a secure smart card operating system, named Caernarvon, and show that it addresses these challenges, which include secure application download, protection of cryptographic functions from malicious applications, resolution of covert channels, and assurance of both security and data integrity in the face of arbitrary power losses.