A MPEG-2 video watermarking algorithm with compensation in bit stream

  • Authors:

  • Hongmei Liu;Fenglian Shao;Jiwu Huang

  • Affiliations:

  • Dept.of Electronics and Communication, Sun Yat-sen university, Guangzhou, P.R. China;Dept.of Electronics and Communication, Sun Yat-sen university, Guangzhou, P.R. China;Dept.of Electronics and Communication, Sun Yat-sen university, Guangzhou, P.R. China

  • Venue:
  • DRMTICS'05 Proceedings of the First international conference on Digital Rights Management: technologies, Issues, Challenges and Systems
  • Year:
  • 2005

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Abstract

Some requirements for MPEG-2 video watermarking, such as invisibility, robustness, unchanged bitstream size and real time processing, are desirable. We firstly apply a DC-based embedding strategy to MPEG-2 compressed domain and embed the watermark by modifying the DC coefficients. The strategy has three advantages over the AC-based one. Then a MPEG-2 bitstream video watermarking scheme is proposed. The watermark is embedded in DC coefficients in I frames. Because these DC coefficients are differentially coded, error caused by watermark embedding will be propagated. In order to decrease the distortion to video quality caused by error propagation, we develop a compensation algorithm worked in bit-stream, which improves the quality of the watermarked video effectively. We also give a simple control scheme to ensure that the MPEG-2 bitstream keeps its original size after watermarking. The experimental results show that the watermark is robust while guaranteeing the invisibility and real-time processing.