C4.5: programs for machine learning
C4.5: programs for machine learning
An overview of audio information retrieval
Multimedia Systems - Special issue on audio and multimedia
Efficient Feature Selection via Analysis of Relevance and Redundancy
The Journal of Machine Learning Research
ICME '03 Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Multimedia and Expo - Volume 3 (ICME '03) - Volume 03
Data Mining: Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques, Second Edition (Morgan Kaufmann Series in Data Management Systems)
Musical instrument timbres classification with spectral features
EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing
Musical instrument recognition by pairwise classification strategies
IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing
MPEG-7 sound-recognition tools
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
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We present an empirical study on classical music instrument classification. A methodology with feature extraction and evaluation is proposed and assessed with a number of experiments, whose final stage is to detect instruments in solo passages. In feature selection it is found that similar but different rankings for individual tone classification and solo passage instrument recognition are reported. Based on the feature selection results, excerpts from concerto and sonata files are processed, so as to detect and distinguish four major instruments in solo passages: trumpet, flute, violin, and piano. Nineteen features selected from the Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) and the MPEG-7 audio descriptors achieve a recognition rate of around 94% by the best classifier assessed by cross validation.