An Integrated Decoding Framework for Audio Watermark Extraction
ICPR '04 Proceedings of the Pattern Recognition, 17th International Conference on (ICPR'04) Volume 2 - Volume 02
Perceptual Audio Watermarking by Learning in Wavelet Domain
ICPR '06 Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Pattern Recognition - Volume 03
A framework for optimal blind watermark detection
MM&Sec '01 Proceedings of the 2001 workshop on Multimedia and security: new challenges
Improved spread spectrum: a new modulation technique for robust watermarking
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
An integrated on-line audio watermark decoding scheme for broadcast monitoring
Multimedia Tools and Applications
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This paper introduces an integrated GMM-based blind audio watermark (WM) detection and decoding scheme that eliminates the decision threshold specification problem which constitutes drawback of the conventional decoders. The proposed method models the statistics of watermarked and original audio signals by Gaussian mixture models (GMM) with K components. Learning of the WM data is achieved in wavelet domain and a Maximum Likelihood (ML) classifier is designed for the WM decoding. Dimension of the learning space is optimized by PCA transformation. Robustness to compression, additive noise and the Stirmark benchmark attacks has been evaluated. It is shown that both WM decoding and detection performance of the introduced integrated scheme outperforms conventional correlation-based decoders. Test results demonstrate that learning in the wavelet domain improves robustness to attacks while reducing complexity. Although performance of the proposed GMM-modeling is slightly better than the SVM-based decoder introduced in [1], significant decrease in computational complexity makes the new method appealing.