Untestable properties expressible with four first-order quantifiers

  • Authors:
  • Charles Jordan;Thomas Zeugmann

  • Affiliations:
  • Division of Computer Science, Hokkaido University, N-14, W-9, Sapporo, Japan;Division of Computer Science, Hokkaido University, N-14, W-9, Sapporo, Japan

  • Venue:
  • LATA'10 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Language and Automata Theory and Applications
  • Year:
  • 2010

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Abstract

In property testing, the goal is to distinguish between structures that have some desired property and those that are far from having the property, after examining only a small, random sample of the structure. We focus on the classification of first-order sentences based on their quantifier prefixes and vocabulary into testable and untestable classes. This classification was initiated by Alon et al. [1], who showed that graph properties expressible with quantifier patterns ∃*∀* are testable but that there is an untestable graph property expressible with quantifier pattern ∀*∃*. In the present paper, their untestable example is simplified. In particular, it is shown that there is an untestable graph property expressible with each of the following quantifier patterns: ∀∃∀∃, ∀∃∀2, ∀2∃∀ and ∀3∃.