Information retrieval using a singular value decomposition model of latent semantic structure
SIGIR '88 Proceedings of the 11th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval
WordNet: a lexical database for English
Communications of the ACM
Annotea: an open RDF infrastructure for shared Web annotations
Proceedings of the 10th international conference on World Wide Web
Communications of the ACM
Authoring and annotation of web pages in CREAM
Proceedings of the 11th international conference on World Wide Web
Ontology Learning for the Semantic Web
IEEE Intelligent Systems
Creating Semantic Web Contents with Protégé-2000
IEEE Intelligent Systems
Emergent semantics and the multimedia semantic web
ACM SIGMOD Record
User-Driven Ontology Evolution Management
EKAW '02 Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management. Ontologies and the Semantic Web
Tracking Changes in RDF(S) Repositories
EKAW '02 Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management. Ontologies and the Semantic Web
WebODE: An Integrated Workbench for Ontology Representation, Reasoning, and Exchange
EKAW '02 Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management. Ontologies and the Semantic Web
Proceedings of the Seventeenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Twelfth Conference on Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence
OilEd: A Reason-able Ontology Editor for the Semantic Web
KI '01 Proceedings of the Joint German/Austrian Conference on AI: Advances in Artificial Intelligence
Ontology Versioning and Change Detection on the Web
EKAW '02 Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management. Ontologies and the Semantic Web
SemTag and seeker: bootstrapping the semantic web via automated semantic annotation
WWW '03 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on World Wide Web
The chatty web: emergent semantics through gossiping
WWW '03 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on World Wide Web
WWW '03 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on World Wide Web
Web-scale information extraction in knowitall: (preliminary results)
Proceedings of the 13th international conference on World Wide Web
Incremental formalization of document annotations through ontology-based paraphrasing
Proceedings of the 13th international conference on World Wide Web
Towards the self-annotating web
Proceedings of the 13th international conference on World Wide Web
Ontology Evolution: Not the Same as Schema Evolution
Knowledge and Information Systems
The state of the art in ontology learning: a framework for comparison
The Knowledge Engineering Review
Gimme' the context: context-driven automatic semantic annotation with C-PANKOW
WWW '05 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on World Wide Web
Exploring social annotations for the semantic web
Proceedings of the 15th international conference on World Wide Web
Can social bookmarking enhance search in the web?
Proceedings of the 7th ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries
Similarity cross-analysis of tag / co-tag spaces in social classification systems
Proceedings of the 2008 ACM workshop on Search in social media
Semantic Grounding of Tag Relatedness in Social Bookmarking Systems
ISWC '08 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on The Semantic Web
Evaluating similarity measures for emergent semantics of social tagging
Proceedings of the 18th international conference on World wide web
The impact of ambiguity and redundancy on tag recommendation in folksonomies
Proceedings of the third ACM conference on Recommender systems
Towards improving web search by utilizing social bookmarks
ICWE'07 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Web engineering
Stop thinking, start tagging: tag semantics emerge from collaborative verbosity
Proceedings of the 19th international conference on World wide web
Extraction of Places Related to Flickr Tags
Proceedings of the 2010 conference on ECAI 2010: 19th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence
ActiveTags: making tags more useful anywhere on the web
ADC '09 Proceedings of the Twentieth Australasian Conference on Australasian Database - Volume 92
A weighted tag similarity measure based on a collaborative weight model
SMUC '10 Proceedings of the 2nd international workshop on Search and mining user-generated contents
Semantic disambiguation and contextualisation of social tags
UMAP'11 Proceedings of the 19th international conference on Advances in User Modeling
Using Similarity-Based Approaches for Continuous Ontology Development
International Journal on Semantic Web & Information Systems
Sense induction in folksonomies: a review
Artificial Intelligence Review
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Defining and using ontology to annotate web resources with semantic markups is generally perceived as the primary way to implement the vision of the Semantic Web. The ontology provides a shared and machine understandable semantics for web resources that agents and applications can utilize. This top-down approach (in the sense that an ontology is defined first on top of existing web resources and then used later to markup them), however, has a high barrier to entry and is difficult to scale up. In this paper, we investigate using a bottom-up approach for semantically annotating web resources as supported by the now widely popular social bookmarks services on the web where users can annotate and categorize web resources using “tags” freely choosen by the user without any pre-existing global semantic model. This kind of informal social categories is coined as “folksonomies”. We show how global semantics can be statistically inferred from the folksonomies to semantically annotate the web resources. The global semantic model also disambiguate the tags and group synonymous tags together. Finally, we show that there indeed are hierarchical relations among the emerged concepts in the folksonomy and it is plausible to further identify them if we use more advanced probabilistic models.