On the self-similar nature of Ethernet traffic (extended version)
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
An introduction to difference equations
An introduction to difference equations
Operating system support for high-speed communication
Communications of the ACM
Lazy receiver processing (LRP): a network subsystem architecture for server systems
OSDI '96 Proceedings of the second USENIX symposium on Operating systems design and implementation
Effects of buffering semantics on I/O performance
OSDI '96 Proceedings of the second USENIX symposium on Operating systems design and implementation
Eliminating receive livelock in an interrupt-driven kernel
ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS)
Soft timers: efficient microsecond software timer support for network processing
ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS)
ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS)
Approximate Methods for Analyzing Queueing Network Models of Computing Systems
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
HIP: hybrid interrupt-polling for the network interface
ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review
Simulation Modeling and Analysis
Simulation Modeling and Analysis
EMP: zero-copy OS-bypass NIC-driven gigabit ethernet message passing
Proceedings of the 2001 ACM/IEEE conference on Supercomputing
Analysis of delay and delay jitter of voice traffic in the internet
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Efficient simulation of queues in heavy traffic
ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation (TOMACS)
The APIC Approach to High Performance Network Interface Design: Protected DMA and Other Techniques
INFOCOM '97 Proceedings of the INFOCOM '97. Sixteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies. Driving the Information Revolution
Evaluating System Performance in Gigabit Networks
LCN '03 Proceedings of the 28th Annual IEEE International Conference on Local Computer Networks
Theory, Volume 1, Queueing Systems
Theory, Volume 1, Queueing Systems
ISPASS '03 Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE International Symposium on Performance Analysis of Systems and Software
ATEC '96 Proceedings of the 1996 annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
lmbench: portable tools for performance analysis
ATEC '96 Proceedings of the 1996 annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
Trapeze/IP: TCP/IP at near-gigabit speeds
ATEC '99 Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
Performance considerations in designing network interfaces
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Hardware/software organization of a high-performance ATM host interface
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Giving applications access to Gb/s networking
IEEE Network: The Magazine of Global Internetworking
Application of load balancing based on symmetric balanced incomplete block design to random networks
Information Sciences: an International Journal
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In this paper we develop and assess the accuracy of two analytical models that capture the behavior of network hosts when subjected to heavy load such as that of Gigabit Ethernet. The first analytical model is based on Markov processes and queuing theory, and the second is a pure Markov process. In order to validate the models and assess their accuracy, two different numerical examples are presented. The two numerical examples use system parameters that are realistic and appropriate for modern hardware. Both analytical models give closed-form solutions that facilitate the study of a number of important system performance metrics. These metrics include throughput, latency, stability condition, CPU utilizations of interrupt handling and protocol processing, and CPU availability for user applications. The two models give mathematically equivalent closed-form solutions for all metrics except for latency. To address latency, we compare the results of both models with the results of a discrete-event simulation. The latency accuracy of the two models is assessed relative to simulation in terms of differences and percentage errors. The paper shows that the second model is more accurate.