A randomized protocol for signing contracts
Communications of the ACM
Optimistic protocols for fair exchange
Proceedings of the 4th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
An Anomymous Fair Exchange E-commerce Protocol
IPDPS '01 Proceedings of the 15th International Parallel & Distributed Processing Symposium
Analyzing the Needham-Schroeder Public-Key Protocol: A Comparison of Two Approaches
ESORICS '96 Proceedings of the 4th European Symposium on Research in Computer Security: Computer Security
MOCHA: Modularity in Model Checking
CAV '98 Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification
Formal Analysis of a Non-Repudiation Protocol
CSFW '98 Proceedings of the 11th IEEE workshop on Computer Security Foundations
Simple and fast optimistic protocols for fair electronic exchange
Proceedings of the twenty-second annual symposium on Principles of distributed computing
Non-repudiation protocols for multiple entities
Computer Communications
An intensive survey of fair non-repudiation protocols
Computer Communications
E-commerce: protecting purchaser privacy to enforce trust
Electronic Commerce Research
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In this paper, an improved fair exchange protocol for e-commerce has been presented. The new protocol builds upon a previously published one by Ray & Ray [12]. After discussing the protocol and related fairness, four weaknesses have been found, viz., Fairness Problem: Advantage Merchant, Fairness Problem: Advantage Customer, Possibility of Man in the Middle Attack and Possibility of Malicious Bank. Our modified fair exchange e-commerce protocol is able to handle these weaknesses. The proposed protocol does not involve third party to ensure the fairness.