3-D Facial Pose and Gaze Point Estimation Using a Robust Real-Time Tracking Paradigm
FG '98 Proceedings of the 3rd. International Conference on Face & Gesture Recognition
FGR '02 Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition
Non-Contact Eye Gaze Tracking System by Mapping of Corneal Reflections
FGR '02 Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition
Eye Gaze Estimation from a Single Image of One Eye
ICCV '03 Proceedings of the Ninth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision - Volume 2
Distinctive Image Features from Scale-Invariant Keypoints
International Journal of Computer Vision
Eye Gaze Tracking under Natural Head Movements
CVPR '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Volume 1 - Volume 01
A fast and robust 3D head pose and gaze estimation system
Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
Proceedings of the 2008 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications
Variables Contributing to the Coordination of Rapid Eye/Head Gaze Shifts
Biological Cybernetics
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Previous efforts in eye gaze tracking either did not consider head motion, or considered the 6 DOF head motions with multiple cameras or light sources. In this paper, we show that it is possible to track eye gaze under naturally head rotations(Yaw and Pitch) with only an ordinary webcam. We first carry out a study to examine the occurrence of eye-head coordination, and then show how to track such coordinated gaze by deriving a linear coordination equation and developing a tracking system based on a single webcam. Besides the theoretical aspect, we develop a vision-based tracking framework that can achieve an acceptable tracking accuracy in our experiments for estimating such eye-head coordinated gaze.