Adaptation in natural and artificial systems
Adaptation in natural and artificial systems
Artificial intelligence: a new synthesis
Artificial intelligence: a new synthesis
Swarm intelligence
Artificial Intelligence: Structures and Strategies for Complex Problem Solving
Artificial Intelligence: Structures and Strategies for Complex Problem Solving
Artificial Neural Networks
Evolutionary Computation: Toward a New Philosophy of Machine Intelligence (IEEE Press Series on Computational Intelligence)
The particle swarm - explosion, stability, and convergence in amultidimensional complex space
IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation
IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
Diagonal recurrent neural networks for dynamic systems control
IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
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Original Elman, which is one of the well-known dynamic recurrent neural network (DRNN), has been improved to easily apply in dynamic systems identification during the past decade. In this paper, a learning algorithm for Original Elman neural networks (ENN) based on modified particle swarm optimization (MPSO), which is a swarm intelligent algorithm (SIA), is presented. MPSO and Elman are hybridized to form MPSO-ENN hybrid algorithm as a system identifier. Simulation experiments show that MPSO-ENN is a more effective swarm intelligent hybrid algorithm (SIHA), which results in an identifier with the best trained model. Dynamic identification system (DIS) of the MPSO-ENN is obtained.