MACAW: a media access protocol for wireless LAN's
SIGCOMM '94 Proceedings of the conference on Communications architectures, protocols and applications
Energy efficient design of portable wireless systems
ISLPED '00 Proceedings of the 2000 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
MobiHoc '01 Proceedings of the 2nd ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking & computing
A power control MAC protocol for ad hoc networks
Proceedings of the 8th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Asynchronous wakeup for ad hoc networks
Proceedings of the 4th ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking & computing
An adaptive energy-efficient MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Flexible power scheduling for sensor networks
Proceedings of the 3rd international symposium on Information processing in sensor networks
Medium access control with coordinated adaptive sleeping for wireless sensor networks
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Versatile low power media access for wireless sensor networks
SenSys '04 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Z-MAC: a hybrid MAC for wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Low energy operation in WSNs: A survey of preamble sampling MAC protocols
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
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Sensor network devices have limited battery resources primarily consumed by radio communication. Network nodes play different communication roles and consequently consume different amounts of energy. Nodes with heavier communication burdens prematurely deplete their batteries and potentially partition the network such that other nodes are unable to communicate despite having energy remaining. We have developed Seesaw, an asynchronous and asymmetric MAC protocol that balances the energy consumption among nodes with differing loads, and thus prolongs network lifetime. Balancing is possible through Seesaw mechanisms that allow heavily burdened nodes to shift some of the effort of maintaining communication to more lightly loaded neighboring nodes. We show how to exploit the flexibility of asynchrony and asymmetry to balance energy consumption across the network, and develop methods for automatically tuning each node to achieve this.