How to prove yourself: practical solutions to identification and signature problems
Proceedings on Advances in cryptology---CRYPTO '86
Lecture Notes in Computer Science on Advances in Cryptology-EUROCRYPT'88
Public-key cryptosystems provably secure against chosen ciphertext attacks
STOC '90 Proceedings of the twenty-second annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing
Random oracles are practical: a paradigm for designing efficient protocols
CCS '93 Proceedings of the 1st ACM conference on Computer and communications security
On the Composition of Zero-Knowledge Proof Systems
SIAM Journal on Computing
The random oracle methodology, revisited (preliminary version)
STOC '98 Proceedings of the thirtieth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing
STOC '98 Proceedings of the thirtieth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing
Resettable zero-knowledge (extended abstract)
STOC '00 Proceedings of the thirty-second annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing
Concurrent zero-knowledge with timing, revisited
STOC '02 Proceedings of the thiry-fourth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing
SIAM Journal on Computing
On Concurrent Zero-Knowledge with Pre-processing
CRYPTO '99 Proceedings of the 19th Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
Soundness in the Public-Key Model
CRYPTO '01 Proceedings of the 21st Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
Separating Random Oracle Proofs from Complexity Theoretic Proofs: The Non-committing Encryption Case
CRYPTO '02 Proceedings of the 22nd Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
Zero Knowledge Proofs of Knowledge in Two Rounds
CRYPTO '89 Proceedings of the 9th Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
Proofs of Partial Knowledge and Simplified Design of Witness Hiding Protocols
CRYPTO '94 Proceedings of the 14th Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
On the (In)security of the Fiat-Shamir Paradigm
FOCS '03 Proceedings of the 44th Annual IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science
Proceedings of the 11th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
Efficient concurrent zero-knowledge in the auxiliary string model
EUROCRYPT'00 Proceedings of the 19th international conference on Theory and application of cryptographic techniques
Concurrent knowledge extraction in the public-key model
ICALP'10 Proceedings of the 37th international colloquium conference on Automata, languages and programming
Deniable internet key exchange
ACNS'10 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Applied cryptography and network security
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We investigate the design and proofs of zero-knowledge (ZK) interactive systems under what we call the “restricted random oracle model” which restrains the usage of the oracle in the protocol design to that of collapsing protocol rounds a la Fiat-Shamir heuristics, and limits the oracle programmability in the security proofs. We analyze subtleties resulting from the involvement of random oracles in the interactive setting and derive our methodology. Then we investigate the Feige-Shamir 4-round ZK argument for $\mathcal{NP}$ in this model: First we show that a 2-round protocol is possible for a very interesting set of languages; we then show that while the original protocol is not concurrently secure in the public-key model, a modified protocol in our model is, in fact, concurrently secure in the bare public-key model. We point at applications and implications of this fact. Of possible independent interest is a concurrent attack against the Feige-Shamir ZK in the public-key model (for which it was not originally designed).