Query-preserving watermarking of relational databases and XML documents
Proceedings of the twenty-second ACM SIGMOD-SIGACT-SIGART symposium on Principles of database systems
Rights protection for relational data
Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Constructing a virtual primary key for fingerprinting relational data
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM workshop on Digital rights management
Watermarking relational data: framework, algorithms and analysis
The VLDB Journal — The International Journal on Very Large Data Bases
Proving Ownership over Categorical Data
ICDE '04 Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Data Engineering
Tamper detection and localization for categorical data using fragile watermarks
Proceedings of the 4th ACM workshop on Digital rights management
Effective approaches for watermarking XML data
DASFAA'05 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Database Systems for Advanced Applications
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Watermarking has been used for digital rights protection over different types of contents on the Web. Since XML data is widely used and distributed over the Internet, watermarking XML data is of great interest. In this paper, we present a new watermarking scheme to embed different fingerprints in XML data. The fingerprint can be used to trace illegal distributors. We also take into consideration that XML data usually contains categorical elements which can't tolerant much modification, our scheme attempts to reduce modifications without bringing down the robustness of the fingerprint. Modifications could be reduced by choosing different patterns to insert. The experiments show that our scheme is effective to make less distortion to the original data and the fingerprint maintains the same robustness level at the same time.