Object-oriented development in an industrial environment
OOPSLA '87 Conference proceedings on Object-oriented programming systems, languages and applications
Real-time object-oriented modeling
Real-time object-oriented modeling
Practical software requirements: a manual of content and style
Practical software requirements: a manual of content and style
Problem frames: analyzing and structuring software development problems
Problem frames: analyzing and structuring software development problems
A Reference Model for Requirements and Specifications
IEEE Software
Using CASL to Specify the Requirements and the Design: A Problem Specific Approach
WADT '99 Selected papers from the 14th International Workshop on Recent Trends in Algebraic Development Techniques
Requirements Patterns for Embedded Systems
RE '02 Proceedings of the 10th Anniversary IEEE Joint International Conference on Requirements Engineering
Relating Software Requirements and Architectures Using Problem Frames
RE '02 Proceedings of the 10th Anniversary IEEE Joint International Conference on Requirements Engineering
ICFEM '97 Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Formal Engineering Methods
Problems and Deficiencies of UML as a Requirements Specification Language
IWSSD '00 Proceedings of the 10th International Workshop on Software Specification and Design
Towards the integration of sysml and problem frames
Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on Applications and advances of problem frames
Introducing the evaluation of complexity in functional size measurement: a UML-based approach
Proceedings of the 2010 ACM-IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement
Generating early design models from requirements analysis artifacts using problem frames and SysML
ECMFA'11 Proceedings of the 7th European conference on Modelling foundations and applications
Bridging the gap between requirements and design: An approach based on Problem Frames and SysML
Journal of Systems and Software
Requirements analysis and modeling with problem frames and SysML: a case study
ECMFA'10 Proceedings of the 6th European conference on Modelling Foundations and Applications
Identifying problem frames for location-based services
Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Ubiquitous Information Management and Communication
Software engineering as the design theoretic transformation of software problems
Innovations in Systems and Software Engineering
An approach for selecting implementation strategies of non-functional requirements
Proceedings of the Fourth Asia-Pacific Symposium on Internetware
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Problem frames are a sound and convenient approach to requirements modeling. Nevertheless, they are far less popular than other less rigorous approaches. One reason is that they employ a notation that is neither very appealing nor easy to use. The problem frames notation is sufficiently different from other development languages –especially UML– to create an “impedance mismatch”: using problem frames to describe requirements does not help the transition to the design phase, makes it difficult for programmers to fully comprehend requirements, and does not favor traceability. As a consequence, problem frames are rarely adopted in software development processes employing UML as a design language. UML itself provides a linguistic support for requirements modeling, which however suffers from several limitations, especially as far as precision and formality are concerned. The goal of this paper is to combine problem frames and UML in order to both improving the linguistic support for problem frames –while preserving the underlying concepts– and to improve the UML development practice by introducing the problem frames approach, making it seamlessly applicable in the context of the familiar UML language.