Probability, stochastic processes, and queueing theory: the mathematics of computer performance modeling
Wireless sensor networks: a survey
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Real-time queueing network theory
RTSS '97 Proceedings of the 18th IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium
End-to-End Delay Analysis for Real-Time Networks
RTSS '01 Proceedings of the 22nd IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium
TOSSIM: accurate and scalable simulation of entire TinyOS applications
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Probabilistic delay guarantees using delay distribution measurement
Proceedings of the 12th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia
On Real-Time Capacity Limits of Multihop Wireless Sensor Networks
RTSS '04 Proceedings of the 25th IEEE International Real-Time Systems Symposium
Scheduling Messages with Deadlines in Multi-Hop Real-Time Sensor Networks
RTAS '05 Proceedings of the 11th IEEE Real Time on Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium
Modeling and Worst-Case Dimensioning of Cluster-Tree Wireless Sensor Networks
RTSS '06 Proceedings of the 27th IEEE International Real-Time Systems Symposium
A survey on wireless multimedia sensor networks
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
An analysis of unreliability and asymmetry in low-power wireless links
ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)
A Comprehensive Worst-Case Calculus for Wireless Sensor Networks with In-Network Processing
RTSS '07 Proceedings of the 28th IEEE International Real-Time Systems Symposium
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Cross-Layer Analysis of the End-to-End Delay Distribution in Wireless Sensor Networks
RTSS '09 Proceedings of the 2009 30th IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium
GLOBECOM'09 Proceedings of the 28th IEEE conference on Global telecommunications
XLP: A Cross-Layer Protocol for Efficient Communication in Wireless Sensor Networks
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
MAC Access Delay of IEEE 802.11 DCF
IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
A Min-Plus Calculus for End-to-End Statistical Service Guarantees
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
Performance analysis of the IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Enhancement of wireless sensor network lifetime by deploying heterogeneous nodes
Journal of Network and Computer Applications
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Emerging applications of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) require real-time quality-of-service (QoS) guarantees to be provided by the network. Due to the nondeterministic impacts of the wireless channel and queuing mechanisms, probabilistic analysis of QoS is essential. One important metric of QoS in WSNs is the probability distribution of the end-to-end delay. Compared to other widely used delay performance metrics such as the mean delay, delay variance, and worst-case delay, the delay distribution can be used to obtain the probability to meet a specific deadline for QoS-based communication in WSNs. To investigate the end-to-end delay distribution, in this paper, a comprehensive cross-layer analysis framework, which employs a stochastic queueing model in realistic channel environments, is developed. This framework is generic and can be parameterized for a wide variety of MAC protocols and routing protocols. Case studies with the CSMA/CAMAC protocol and an anycast protocol are conducted to illustrate how the developed framework can analytically predict the distribution of the end-to-end delay. Extensive test-bed experiments and simulations are performed to validate the accuracy of the framework for both deterministic and random deployments. Moreover, the effects of various network parameters on the distribution of end-to-end delay are investigated through the developed framework. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that provides a generic, probabilistic cross-layer analysis of end-to-end delay in WSNs.