Safe and sound: a safety-critical approach to security
Proceedings of the 2001 workshop on New security paradigms
SEC'11 Proceedings of the 20th USENIX conference on Security
SEC'11 Proceedings of the 20th USENIX conference on Security
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In a forthcoming paper [2], we examine the security of the APCOProject 25 ("P25")[3] two-way digital voice radio system. P25 is a suite of digital protocols and standards designed for use in narrowband short-range (VHF and UHF) land-mobile wireless two-way communications systems. The system is used by law enforcement, national security, public safety, and other government users in the United States and several other countries. Because two-way radio traffic is easily intercepted, P25 includes a number of security features, including encryption of voice and data under a variety of cipher algorithms and keying schemes. It is regarded as being sufficiently secure to carry highly sensitive traffic, including confidential law enforcement criminal surveillance operations and to support classified national security investigations, and is extensively used for these purpose by the various U.S. federal agencies that conduct such activities.