The Csound book: perspectives in software synthesis, sound design, signal processing, and programming
SESAME: A Scalable and ExtenSible Architecture for Multimedia Entertainment
COMPSAC '96 Proceedings of the 20th Conference on Computer Software and Applications
P-Karaoke: personalized karaoke system
Proceedings of the 12th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia
LyricAlly: Automatic Synchronization of Textual Lyrics to Acoustic Music Signals
IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing
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Karaoke music has world-wide appeal, especially for non-professional singers. However, most karaoke-audio architectures involve separate text and audio data streams which run in different threads. Such an approach suffers from timing synchronization problems. Another drawback is the need for a karaoke system to process at least two different formats: one used for karaoke-text and other used for audio data. To reduce the existing complexity of karaoke generation and thus make it more accessible to beginning computer science students, a novel audio format is introduced in this paper. To produce a karaoke track, lyrics are embedded as textual comments within a readily-readable-audio (RRA) file. The RRA format is an uncompressed and textual representation of a sampled audio stream and can be easily read and written by first and second semester computer science students without the need of an audio library. It is designed to allow comments that serve as directives to post-processing audio filters, including music players themselves. A lyric-aware RRA player will display lyrics as the audio track is played while an non-aware player simply ignores the embedded comments. The new audio format and utilities were used in the introductory computer science sequence at the University of Alabama. This paper also presents a wide variety of RRA multimedia projects for students, including karaoke generation.