Alternative transformation from Cartesian to geodetic coordinates by least squares for GPS georeferencing applications

  • Authors:
  • T. Soler;J. Y. Han;N. D. Weston

  • Affiliations:
  • Spatial Reference System Division, National Geodetic Survey, NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA;Department of Civil Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;Spatial Reference System Division, National Geodetic Survey, NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA

  • Venue:
  • Computers & Geosciences
  • Year:
  • 2012

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Abstract

The inverse transformation of coordinates, from Cartesian to curvilinear geodetic, or symbolically (x,y,z)-(@l,@f,h) has been extensively researched in the geodetic literature. However, published formulations require that the application must be deterministically implemented point-by-point individually. Recently, and thanks to GPS technology, scientists have made available thousands of determinations of the coordinates (x,y,z) at a single point perhaps characterized by different observational circumstances such as date, length of occupation time, distance and geometric distribution of reference stations, etc. In this paper a least squares (LS) solution is introduced to determine a unique set of geodetic coordinates, with accompanying accuracy predictions all based on the given sets of individual (x,y,z) GPS-obtained values and their variance-covariance matrices. The (x,y,z) coordinates are used as pseudo-observations with their attached stochastic information in the LS process to simultaneously compute a unique set of (@l,@f,h) curvilinear geodetic coordinates from different observing scenarios.