Avoiding traceroute anomalies with Paris traceroute
Proceedings of the 6th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement
MPLS Fundamentals
Measuring load-balanced paths in the internet
Proceedings of the 7th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement
Discarte: a disjunctive internet cartographer
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2008 conference on Data communication
Scamper: a scalable and extensible packet prober for active measurement of the internet
IMC '10 Proceedings of the 10th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement
On the prevalence and characteristics of MPLS deployments in the open internet
Proceedings of the 2011 ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement conference
Traffic engineering with MPLS in the Internet
IEEE Network: The Magazine of Global Internetworking
Quantifying violations of destination-based forwarding on the internet
Proceedings of the 2012 ACM conference on Internet measurement conference
Network fingerprinting: TTL-based router signatures
Proceedings of the 2013 conference on Internet measurement conference
DataTraffic Monitoring and Analysis
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Operators have deployed Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) in the Internet for over a decade. However, its impact on Internet topology measurements is not well known, and it is possible for some MPLS configurations to lead to false router-level links in maps derived from traceroute data. In this paper, we introduce a measurement-based classification of MPLS tunnels, identifying tunnels where IP hops are revealed but not explicitly tagged as label switching routers, as well as tunnels that obscure the underlying path. Using a large-scale dataset we collected, we show that paths frequently cross MPLS tunnels in today's Internet: in our data, at least 30% of the paths we tested traverse an MPLS tunnel. We also propose and evaluate several methods to reveal MPLS tunnels that are not explicitly flagged as such: we discover that their fraction is significant (up to half the explicit tunnel quantity) but most of them do not obscure IP-level topology discovery.