SCG '94 Proceedings of the tenth annual symposium on Computational geometry
EUROCRYPT '93 Workshop on the theory and application of cryptographic techniques on Advances in cryptology
SPINS: security protocols for sensor networks
Wireless Networks
A key-management scheme for distributed sensor networks
Proceedings of the 9th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
Random Key Predistribution Schemes for Sensor Networks
SP '03 Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy
Establishing pairwise keys in distributed sensor networks
Proceedings of the 10th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
Random key-assignment for secure Wireless Sensor Networks
Proceedings of the 1st ACM workshop on Security of ad hoc and sensor networks
Sensor Networks for Emergency Response: Challenges and Opportunities
IEEE Pervasive Computing
A pairwise key predistribution scheme for wireless sensor networks
ACM Transactions on Information and System Security (TISSEC)
Addressing security in medical sensor networks
Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGMOBILE international workshop on Systems and networking support for healthcare and assisted living environments
Robust location distinction using temporal link signatures
Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Group-based key predistribution for wireless sensor networks
ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)
Body sensor network security: an identity-based cryptography approach
WiSec '08 Proceedings of the first ACM conference on Wireless network security
Pacemakers and Implantable Cardiac Defibrillators: Software Radio Attacks and Zero-Power Defenses
SP '08 Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy
Radio-telepathy: extracting a secret key from an unauthenticated wireless channel
Proceedings of the 14th ACM international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Shake Well Before Use: Intuitive and Secure Pairing of Mobile Devices
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
Channel-based detection of Sybil attacks in wireless networks
IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
Proximity-based access control for implantable medical devices
Proceedings of the 16th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
Shake well before use: authentication based on accelerometer data
PERVASIVE'07 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Pervasive computing
Amigo: proximity-based authentication of mobile devices
UbiComp '07 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Ubiquitous computing
Physiological value-based efficient usable security solutions for body sensor networks
ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)
Ensemble: cooperative proximity-based authentication
Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services
Characterization of the dynamic narrowband on-body to off-body area channel
ICC'09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE international conference on Communications
Data security and privacy in wireless body area networks
IEEE Wireless Communications
Applications, challenges, and prospective in emerging body area networking technologies
IEEE Wireless Communications
PSKA: usable and secure key agreement scheme for body area networks
IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine
Group device pairing based secure sensor association and key management for body area networks
INFOCOM'10 Proceedings of the 29th conference on Information communications
A lightweight user authentication scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks
AICCSA '10 Proceedings of the ACS/IEEE International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications - AICCSA 2010
Non-cryptographic authentication and identification in wireless networks
IEEE Wireless Communications
Realization of RF distance bounding
USENIX Security'10 Proceedings of the 19th USENIX conference on Security
EUC '10 Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing
Mobile Networks and Applications
ProxiMate: proximity-based secure pairing using ambient wireless signals
MobiSys '11 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services
Using the physical layer for wireless authentication in time-variant channels
IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
A novel biometrics method to secure wireless body area sensor networks for telemedicine and m-health
IEEE Communications Magazine
Secure ad hoc trust initialization and key management in wireless body area networks
ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)
Authenticated secret key extraction using channel characteristics for body area networks
Proceedings of the 2012 ACM conference on Computer and communications security
Proceedings of the sixth ACM conference on Security and privacy in wireless and mobile networks
Proceedings of the sixth ACM conference on Security and privacy in wireless and mobile networks
Securing data provenance in body area networks using lightweight wireless link fingerprints
Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on Trustworthy embedded devices
Channel information based cryptography and authentication in wireless body area networks
BodyNets '13 Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Body Area Networks
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Wireless body area network (BAN) is a promising technology for real-time monitoring of physiological signals to support medical applications. In order to ensure the trustworthy and reliable gathering of patient's critical health information, it is essential to provide node authentication service in a BAN, which prevents an attacker from impersonation and false data/command injection. Although quite fundamental, the authentication in BAN still remains a challenging issue. On one hand, traditional authentication solutions depend on prior trust among nodes whose establishment would require either key pre-distribution or non-intuitive participation by inexperienced users, while they are vulnerable to key compromise. On the other hand, most existing non-cryptographic authentication schemes require advanced hardware capabilities or significant modifications to the system software, which are impractical for BANs. In this paper, for the first time, we propose a lightweight body area network authentication scheme (BANA) that does not depend on prior-trust among the nodes and can be efficiently realized on commercial off-the-shelf low-end sensor devices. This is achieved by exploiting physical layer characteristics unique to a BAN, namely, the distinct received signal strength (RSS) variation behaviors between an on-body communication channel and an off-body channel. Our main finding is that the latter is more unpredictable over time, especially under various body motion scenarios. This unique channel characteristic naturally arises from the multi-path environment surrounding a BAN, and cannot be easily forged by attackers. We then adopt clustering analysis to differentiate the signals from an attacker and a legitimate node. The effectiveness of BANA is validated through extensive real-world experiments under various scenarios. It is shown that BANA can accurately identify multiple attackers with minimal amount of overhead.