SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Simulation of object and human skin formations in a grasping task
SIGGRAPH '89 Proceedings of the 16th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Simulating facial surgery using finite element models
SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
The approximation power of moving least-squares
Mathematics of Computation
Scanning physical interaction behavior of 3D objects
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Analysis and Synthesis of Facial Image Sequences Using Physical and Anatomical Models
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Approximate simulation of elastic membranes by triangulated spring meshes
Journal of Graphics Tools
Spacetime faces: high resolution capture for modeling and animation
ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Papers
Invertible finite elements for robust simulation of large deformation
SCA '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Creating and Simulating Skeletal Muscle from the Visible Human Data Set
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Automatic determination of facial muscle activations from sparse motion capture marker data
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
Wavelet importance sampling: efficiently evaluating products of complex functions
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
Heads up!: biomechanical modeling and neuromuscular control of the neck
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers
Multi-scale capture of facial geometry and motion
ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 papers
Plushie: an interactive design system for plush toys
ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 papers
Musculotendon simulation for hand animation
ACM SIGGRAPH 2008 papers
Fabricating microgeometry for custom surface reflectance
ACM SIGGRAPH 2009 papers
Numerical coarsening of inhomogeneous elastic materials
ACM SIGGRAPH 2009 papers
Preserving topology and elasticity for embedded deformable models
ACM SIGGRAPH 2009 papers
Interactive simulation of surgical needle insertion and steering
ACM SIGGRAPH 2009 papers
Capture and modeling of non-linear heterogeneous soft tissue
ACM SIGGRAPH 2009 papers
Comprehensive biomechanical modeling and simulation of the upper body
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
High-quality single-shot capture of facial geometry
ACM SIGGRAPH 2010 papers
High resolution passive facial performance capture
ACM SIGGRAPH 2010 papers
Physical reproduction of materials with specified subsurface scattering
ACM SIGGRAPH 2010 papers
Fabricating spatially-varying subsurface scattering
ACM SIGGRAPH 2010 papers
Design and fabrication of materials with desired deformation behavior
ACM SIGGRAPH 2010 papers
Popup: automatic paper architectures from 3D models
ACM SIGGRAPH 2010 papers
High-quality passive facial performance capture using anchor frames
ACM SIGGRAPH 2011 papers
Computational design of actuated deformable characters
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - SIGGRAPH 2013 Conference Proceedings
Spec2Fab: a reducer-tuner model for translating specifications to 3D prints
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - SIGGRAPH 2013 Conference Proceedings
Augmenting physical avatars using projector-based illumination
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
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We propose a complete process for designing, simulating, and fabricating synthetic skin for an animatronics character that mimics the face of a given subject and its expressions. The process starts with measuring the elastic properties of a material used to manufacture synthetic soft tissue. Given these measurements we use physics-based simulation to predict the behavior of a face when it is driven by the underlying robotic actuation. Next, we capture 3D facial expressions for a given target subject. As the key component of our process, we present a novel optimization scheme that determines the shape of the synthetic skin as well as the actuation parameters that provide the best match to the target expressions. We demonstrate this computational skin design by physically cloning a real human face onto an animatronics figure.