Computer networks (3rd ed.)
PhFit: A General Phase-Type Fitting Tool
TOOLS '02 Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Performance Evaluation, Modelling Techniques and Tools
Improving IEEE 1588v2 clock performance through controlled packet departures
IEEE Communications Letters
Reducing the cost of generating APH-Distributed random numbers
MMB&DFT'10 Proceedings of the 15th international GI/ITG conference on Measurement, Modelling, and Evaluation of Computing Systems and Dependability and Fault Tolerance
Cluster-based fitting of phase-type distributions to empirical data
Computers & Mathematics with Applications
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Base stations in mobile networks have very strict frequency synchronisation (also referred to as syntonisation) requirements. As backhaul networks are migrated to asynchronous packet-switching technology, timing over packet using the IEEE 1588 Precision Time Protocol (PTP) replaces current synchronisation methods that rely on the synchronous bit clock of the network. With PTP, base-station clocks derive their frequency from the inter-packet delays of Sync messages sent by a high-quality time source at regular time intervals. Packet-delay variation (PDV) thus has a major impact on the achievable synchronisation quality, and the amount of PDV of a backhaul network determines whether the network can support frequency synchronisation of base stations. We present a simulation and an analytical approach to assessing the suitability of backhaul networks for clock synchronisation using PTP and derive two methods for reducing PDV.