Simulating the power consumption of large-scale sensor network applications
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In this paper we analyze whether energy consumption in a wireless sensor network (WSN) can be evaluated realistically and accurately using the Avrora simulation tool. For this purpose, results from a reference experiment using SANDbed, a WSN testbed with focus on energy measurements, and Avrora, a wireless sensor network simulation tool, are compared. In this experiment, we found a difference in total energy consumption up to 20% between simulation and reality. The analysis revealed several issues that influenced the accuracy of Avrora simulations. We thus adapted Avrora for dealing with the identified issues. A concluding evaluation shows that the improved Avrora+ reduces the difference between simulation and testbed to