A history-based macro by example system
UIST '92 Proceedings of the 5th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Interactive constraint-based search and replace
CHI '92 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Inferring constraints from multiple snapshots
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Interactive sketching for the early stages of user interface design
CHI '95 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Drawings on napkins, video-game animation, and other ways to program computers
Communications of the ACM
GROUP '01 Proceedings of the 2001 International ACM SIGGROUP Conference on Supporting Group Work
Simplicial families of drawings
Proceedings of the 14th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
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Constructing illustrations by computer can be both tedious anddifficult. This thesis introduces five example-based techniques tofacilitate the process. These techniques are independently useful,but also interrelate in interesting ways: (1) Graphical Search andReplace, the analogue to textual search and replace in texteditors, is useful for making repetitive changes throughoutgraphical documents. (2) Constraint-Based Search and Replace, anextension to graphical search and replace, allows users to definetheir own illustration beautification rules and constraintinferencing rules by demonstration. (3) Constraint Inferencing fromMultiple Snapshots facilitates constraint specification byautomatically computing constraints that hold in multipleconfigurations of an illustration. (4) Editable GraphicalHistories, a visual representation of commands in a graphical userinterface, are useful for reviewing, undoing, and redoing sets ofoperations. (5) Graphical Macros By Example, based on this historyrepresentation, allow users to scroll through previously executedcommands and encapsulate useful sequences into macros. These macroscan be generalized into procedures, with arguments and flow ofcontrol using graphical and constraint-based search andreplace.Individually and in combination, these techniques reducerepetition in graphical editing tasks, visually and by example,using the application's own interface. These techniques have beenimplemented in Chimera, an editor built to serve as a testbed forthis research.