A Theory for Multiresolution Signal Decomposition: The Wavelet Representation
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Speech authentication system using digital watermarking and pattern recovery
Pattern Recognition Letters
Histogram Specification-based Audio Watermarking Technology against Filtering Attacks in Time Domain
ISECS '08 Proceedings of the 2008 International Symposium on Electronic Commerce and Security
Digital Signal Processing
Digital Audio Watermarking Techniques and Technologies: Applications and Benchmarks
Digital Audio Watermarking Techniques and Technologies: Applications and Benchmarks
Digital Watermarking and Steganography
Digital Watermarking and Steganography
A Phase Modulation Audio Watermarking Technique
Information Hiding
Robust multiplicative patchwork method for audio watermarking
IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing
Robust Audio Watermarking Based on Log-Polar Frequency Index
Digital Watermarking
Time-scale invariant audio watermarking based on the statistical features in time domain
IH'06 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Information hiding
An adaptive audio watermarking based on the singular value decomposition in the wavelet domain
Digital Signal Processing
Spread-spectrum watermarking of audio signals
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
A Novel Synchronization Invariant Audio Watermarking Scheme Based on DWT and DCT
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
The discrete wavelet transform: wedding the a trous and Mallatalgorithms
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
A New Adaptive Digital Audio Watermarking Based on Support Vector Regression
IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing
Localized audio watermarking technique robust against time-scale modification
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
Histogram-Based Audio Watermarking Against Time-Scale Modification and Cropping Attacks
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
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Desynchronization attack is known as one of the most difficult attacks to resist, for it can desynchronize the location of the watermark and hence causes incorrect watermark detection. It is a challenging work to design a robust audio watermarking scheme against desynchronization attacks. Based on undecimated discrete wavelet transform (UDWT) and invariant histogram, we propose a new content based audio watermarking algorithm with good audible quality and reasonable resistance toward desynchronization attacks in this paper. Firstly, the undecimated discrete wavelet transform (UDWT) is performed on original host audio. Secondly, the invariant histogram is extracted from a selected wavelet coefficients range in the low frequency subband. Then, the bin of histogram is divided into many groups, each group including four consecutive bins. For each group, one watermark bit is embedded by reassigning the number of wavelet coefficients in this group of four bins. Finally, the digital watermark is embedded into the original audio signal in UDWT domain by modifying a small set of wavelet coefficients. Simulation results show that the proposed watermarking scheme is not only inaudible and robust against common signal processing operations such as MP3 compression, noise addition, and low-pass filtering etc, but also robust against the desynchronization attacks such as random cropping, time-scale modification, pitch shifting, and jittering etc.