Timing synchronization in decode-and-forward cooperative communication systems
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
On performance bounds for timing estimation under fading channels
WCNC'09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE conference on Wireless Communications & Networking Conference
Multiple timing offsets compensation in cooperative communication systems
DSP'09 Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Digital Signal Processing
Timing estimation and resynchronization for amplify-and- forward communication systems
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
Blind feedforward timing estimation for constant-modulus signalling in time-varying fading channels
Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering
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This paper presents a general feedforward symbol-timing estimation framework based on the conditional maximum likelihood principle. The proposed timing estimator presents reduced implementation complexity and is obtained by performing an approximation on the Fourier series expansion of the conditional maximum likelihood function. The proposed algorithm is applied to linear modulations and two commonly used continuous phase modulations: minimum shift keying (MSK) and Gaussian MSK (GMSK). For the linear modulations, it is shown both analytically and via simulations that the performance of the proposed estimator is very close to the conditional CRB and modified CRB for signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) in the range SNR ≤ 30 dB. Furthermore, the proposed estimator is shown to be asymptotically equivalent to the classic square-law nonlinearity estimator under certain conditions. In the case of MSK and GMSK modulations, although the proposed algorithm reaches the conditional CRB at certain SNRs, however, the conditional CRB is quite far away from the modified CRB, and there exists an alternative algorithm whose performance comes closer to the modified CRB. Therefore, the proposed estimator is more suitable for linear modulations than for MSK and GMSK modulations.