DoA Estimation Via Manifold Separation for Arbitrary Array Structures

Authors:
F. Belloni;A. Richter;V. Koivunen
Affiliations:
Helsinki Univ. of Technol., Helsinki;-;-
Venue:
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
Year:
2007

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Abstract

In this paper, we consider the manifold separation technique (MST), which stems from the wavefield modeling formalism developed for array processing. MST is a method for modeling the steering vector of antenna arrays of practical interest with arbitrary 2-D or 3-D geometry. It is the product of a sampling matrix (dependent on the antenna array only) and a Vandermonde structured coefficients vector depending on the wavefield only. This allows fast direction-of-arrival (DoA) algorithms designed for linear arrays to be used on arrays with arbitrary configuration. In real-world applications, the calibration measurements used to determine the sampling matrix are corrupted by noise. This impairs the performance of MST-based algorithms. In particular, we study the effect of noisy calibration measurements on subspace-based DoA algorithms using MST. Expressions describing the error in the DoA estimates due to calibration noise and truncation are derived. This allows predicting the performance of MST-based algorithms in real-world applications. The analysis is verified by simulations. We established a link between the optimal number of selected modes and the statistics of calibration noise. We analyze the modeling error when MST is used for 1-D (azimuth) DoA estimation.