IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
Code-aided maximum-likelihood ambiguity resolution through free-energy minimization
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
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This paper deals with maximum-likelihood (ML) estimation of synchronization parameters for coded transmission systems. In particular, we present a unified framework based on both the sum-product (SP) algorithm and the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm for the design of iterative synchronizers. The proposed approach is shown to encompass some known iterative synchronizers. In particular, we revisit a previously proposed framework based on the EM algorithm only by means of our "SP-EM" approach. The performance of the proposed synchronization method is assessed in terms of mean-square error and bit-error rate by simulation results. In particular, we consider the joint synchronization of the timing epoch and the carrier phase offset in the case of convolutionally coded and turbo-coded transmissions