Generalized best-first search strategies and the optimality of A*
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
Robotics-based location sensing using wireless ethernet
Proceedings of the 8th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Development of a Wearable Computer Orientation System
Personal and Ubiquitous Computing
Drishti: An Integrated Indoor/Outdoor Blind Navigation System and Service
PERCOM '04 Proceedings of the Second IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications (PerCom'04)
VR '04 Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality 2004
Design and development of an indoor navigation and object identification system for the blind
Assets '04 Proceedings of the 6th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility
Dynamic Environment Exploration Using a Virtual White Cane
CVPR '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Volume 1 - Volume 01
Digital Sign System for Indoor Wayfinding for the Visually Impaired
CVPR '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Workshops - Volume 03
Navigation System for the Blind: Auditory Display Modes and Guidance
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Assisting mobility of the disabled using space-identifying ubiquitous infrastructure
Proceedings of the 10th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility
A 3D pose estimator for the visually impaired
IROS'09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE/RSJ international conference on Intelligent robots and systems
Auditory guidance with the Navbelt-a computerized travel aid forthe blind
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C: Applications and Reviews
Hybrid auditory feedback: a new method for mobility assistance of the visually impaired
Proceedings of the 14th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility
GIST: a gestural interface for remote nonvisual spatial perception
Proceedings of the 26th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
"Pray before you step out": describing personal and situational blind navigation behaviors
Proceedings of the 15th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility
Enhancing situational awareness of indoor orientation for the visually impaired
ACM SIGACCESS Accessibility and Computing
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Indoor navigation systems for users who are visually impaired typically rely upon expensive physical augmentation of the environment or expensive sensing equipment; consequently few systems have been implemented. We present an indoor navigation system called Navatar that allows for localization and navigation by exploiting the physical characteristics of indoor environments, taking advantage of the unique sensing abilities of users with visual impairments, and minimalistic sensing achievable with low cost accelerometers available in smartphones. Particle filters are used to estimate the user's location based on the accelerometer data as well as the user confirming the presence of anticipated tactile landmarks along the provided path. Navatar has a high possibility of large-scale deployment, as it only requires an annotated virtual representation of an indoor environment. A user study with six blind users determines the accuracy of the approach, collects qualitative experiences and identifies areas for improvement.