Chaos-based discrete fractional Sine transform domain audio watermarking scheme
Computers and Electrical Engineering
Robust multiplicative patchwork method for audio watermarking
IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing
Robust audio data hiding using correlated quantization with histogram-based detector
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
Robust multiplicative patchwork method for audio watermarking
DSP'09 Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Digital Signal Processing
Robust multiplicative audio and speech watermarking using statistical modeling
ICC'09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE international conference on Communications
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Audio watermarking using echo hiding has fairly good perceptual quality. However, security and the tradeoff between robustness and imperceptibility are still relevant issues. This paper presents the echo hiding scheme in which the analysis-by-synthesis approach, interlaced kernels, and frequency hopping are adopted to achieve high robustness, security, and perceptual quality. The amplitudes of the embedded echoes are adequately adapted during the embedding process by considering not only the characteristics of the host signals, but also cases in which the watermarked audio signals have suffered various attacks. Additionally, the interlaced kernels are introduced such that the echo positions of the interlaced kernels for embedding "zero" and "one" are interchanged alternately to minimize the influence of host signals and various attacks on the watermarked data. Frequency hopping is employed to increase the robustness and security of the proposed echo hiding scheme in which each audio segment for watermarking is established by combining the fractions selected from all frequency bands based on a pseudonoise sequence as a secret key. Experimental results indicate that the proposed analysis-by-synthesis echo hiding scheme is superior to the conventional schemes in terms of robustness, security, and perceptual quality.