Proceedings of the 3rd International Universal Communication Symposium
A MAP-based Online Estimation Approach to Ensemble Speaker and Speaking Environment Modeling
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech and Language Processing (TASLP)
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We propose an ensemble speaker and speaking environment modeling (ESSEM) approach to characterizing environments in order to enhance performance robustness of automatic speech recognition systems under adverse conditions. The ESSEM process comprises two phases, the offline and the online. In the offline phase, we prepare an ensemble speaker and speaking environment space formed by a collection of super-vectors. Each super-vector consists of the entire set of means from all the Gaussian mixture components of a set of hidden Markov models that characterizes a particular environment. In the online phase, with the ensemble environment space prepared in the offline phase, we estimate the super-vector for a new testing environment based on a stochastic matching criterion. In this paper, we focus on methods for enhancing the construction and coverage of the environment space in the offline phase. We first demonstrate environment clustering and partitioning algorithms to structure the environment space well; then, we propose a minimum classification error training algorithm to enhance discrimination across environment super-vectors and therefore broaden the coverage of the ensemble environment space. We evaluate the proposed ESSEM framework on the Aurora2 connected digit recognition task. Experimental results verify that ESSEM provides clear improvement over a baseline system without environmental compensation. Moreover, the performance of ESSEM can be further enhanced by using well-structured environment spaces. Finally, we confirm that ESSEM gives the best overall performance with an environment space refined by an integration of all techniques.