Tracking and data association
Computing occluding and transparent motions
International Journal of Computer Vision
Automatic Interpretation and Coding of Face Images Using Flexible Models
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
CONDENSATION—Conditional Density Propagation forVisual Tracking
International Journal of Computer Vision
A morphable model for the synthesis of 3D faces
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
W4: Real-Time Surveillance of People and Their Activities
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Optical Flow Constraints on Deformable Models with Applications to Face Tracking
International Journal of Computer Vision
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Machine Learning
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Color-Based Tracking of Heads and Other Mobile Objects at Video Frame Rates
CVPR '97 Proceedings of the 1997 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR '97)
Elliptical Head Tracking Using Intensity Gradients and Color Histograms
CVPR '98 Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
View-Based Active Appearance Models
FG '00 Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition 2000
Real Time Tracking and Modeling of Faces: An EKF-Based Analysis by Synthesis Approach
MPEOPLE '99 Proceedings of the IEEE International Workshop on Modelling People
Face Recognition Based on Fitting a 3D Morphable Model
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Efficient, Robust and Accurate Fitting of a 3D Morphable Model
ICCV '03 Proceedings of the Ninth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision - Volume 2
Active Appearance Models Revisited
International Journal of Computer Vision
Real-Time Non-Rigid Surface Detection
CVPR '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Volume 1 - Volume 01
Keypoint Recognition Using Randomized Trees
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A Unified Gradient-Based Approach for Combining ASM into AAM
International Journal of Computer Vision
Pose Robust Face Tracking by Combining Active Appearance Models and Cylinder Head Models
International Journal of Computer Vision
Adaptive active appearance model with incremental learning
Pattern Recognition Letters
Accurate appearance-based Bayesian tracking for maneuvering targets
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Multi-view face segmentation using fusion of statistical shape and appearance models
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Integrating multiple visual cues for robust real-time 3D face tracking
AMFG'07 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Analysis and modeling of faces and gestures
Real-time combined 2D+3D active appearance models
CVPR'04 Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE computer society conference on Computer vision and pattern recognition
Robust precise eye location under probabilistic framework
FGR' 04 Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE international conference on Automatic face and gesture recognition
Fast and reliable active appearance model search for 3-D face tracking
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
Fast occluded object tracking by a robust appearance filter
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Visual tracking and recognition using appearance-adaptive models in particle filters
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Facial expression recognition based on anatomy
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Hi-index | 0.00 |
Active appearance models (AAMs) are useful for face tracking for the advantages of detailed face interpretation, accurate alignment and high efficiency. However, they are sensitive to initial parameters and may easily be stuck in local minima due to the gradient-descent optimization, which makes the AAM based face tracker unstable in the presence of large pose deviation and fast motion. In this paper, we propose to combine the view-based AAMs with two novel temporal filters to overcome the limitations. First, we build a new view space based on the shape parameters of AAMs, instead of the model parameters controlling both the shape and appearance, for the purpose of pose estimation. Then the Kalman filter is used to simultaneously update the pose and shape parameters for a better fitting of each frame. Second, we propose a temporal matching filter which is twofold. The inter-frame local appearance constraint is incorporated into AAM fitting, where the mechanism of the active shape model (ASM) is also implemented in a unified framework to find more accurate matching points. Moreover, we propose to initialize the shape with correspondences found by a random forest based local feature matching. By introducing the local information and temporal correspondences, the twofold temporal matching filter improves the tracking stability when confronted with fast appearance changes. Experimental results show that our algorithm is more pose robust than basic AAMs and some state-of-art AAM based methods, and that it can also handle large expressions and non-extreme illumination changes in test video sequences.