Two key estimation techniques for the broken arrows watermarking scheme
Proceedings of the 11th ACM workshop on Multimedia and security
Spread-spectrum watermarking security
IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
Exploiting security holes in lattice data hiding
IH'07 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Information hiding
Towards robust and secure watermarking
Proceedings of the 12th ACM workshop on Multimedia and security
IH'11 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Information hiding
Watermarking security: a survey
Transactions on Data Hiding and Multimedia Security I
A new measure of watermarking security applied on QIM
IH'12 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Information Hiding
An improvement of diamond encoding using characteristic value positioning and modulus function
Journal of Systems and Software
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Security of quantization index modulation (QIM) watermarking methods is usually sought through a pseudorandom dither signal which randomizes the codebook. This dither plays the role of the secret key (i.e., a parameter only shared by the watermarking embedder and decoder), which prevents unauthorized embedding and/or decoding. However, if the same dither signal is reused, the observation of several watermarked signals can provide sufficient information for an attacker to estimate the dither signal. This paper focuses on the cases when the embedded messages are either known or constant. In the first part of this paper, a theoretical security analysis of QIM data hiding measures the information leakage about the secret dither as the mutual information between the dither and the watermarked signals. In the second part, we show how set-membership estimation techniques successfully provide accurate estimates of the dither from observed watermarked signals. The conclusion of this twofold study is that current QIM watermarking schemes have a relative low security level against this scenario because a small number of observed watermarked signals yields a sufficiently accurate estimate of the secret dither. The analysis presented in this paper also serves as the basis for more involved scenarios