Exact BER computation for cross QAM constellations

  • Authors:
  • P. K. Vitthaladevuni;M. -S. Alouini;J. C. Kieffer

  • Affiliations:
  • Qualcomm Inc., San Diego, CA, USA;-;-

  • Venue:
  • IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
  • Year:
  • 2005

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Abstract

When the number of bits per symbol is odd, the peak and average power of transmission can be reduced by using cross quadrature amplitude modulations (QAMs) instead of rectangular QAMs. However, since perfect Gray coding is not possible for cross QAMs, using Smith-style Gray coding, this paper derives the exact bit error rate (BER) for cross QAM constellations over additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and Rayleigh fading channels.