Symbol error probability of cross QAM in Rayleigh fading channels
IEEE Communications Letters
EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking - Special issue on interference management in wireless communication systems: theory and applications
Exact symbol error probability of cross-QAM in AWGN and fading channels
EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking
Wireless Personal Communications: An International Journal
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When the number of bits per symbol is odd, the peak and average power of transmission can be reduced by using cross quadrature amplitude modulations (QAMs) instead of rectangular QAMs. However, since perfect Gray coding is not possible for cross QAMs, using Smith-style Gray coding, this paper derives the exact bit error rate (BER) for cross QAM constellations over additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and Rayleigh fading channels.