Automated container transport system between inland port and terminals
ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation (TOMACS)
Comparison of three automated stacking alternatives by means of simulation
WSC '05 Proceedings of the 37th conference on Winter simulation
A decision support system for operations in a container terminal
Decision Support Systems
Conflict-free container routing in mesh yard layouts
Robotics and Autonomous Systems
A STATISTICAL MODEL FOR EXPECTED CYCLE TIME OF SP-AS/RS: AN APPLICATION OF MONTE CARLO SIMULATION
Applied Artificial Intelligence
Computers and Operations Research
Agent based simulation architecture for evaluating operational policies in transshipping containers
Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems
Agent based simulation architecture for evaluating operational policies in transshipping containers
MATES'06 Proceedings of the 4th German conference on Multiagent System Technologies
A decomposition method to analyze the performance of frame bridge based automated container terminal
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
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Due to the boom in world trade, port authorities are looking into ways of making existing facilities more efficient. One way to improve efficiency, increase capacity, and meet future demand is to use advanced technologies and automation in order to speed up terminal operations. In this paper, we design, analyze, and evaluate four different automated container terminal (ACT) concepts. These concepts include automated container terminals based on the use of automated guidance vehicles (AGVs), a linear motor conveyance system (LMCS), an overhead grid rail system (GR), and a high-rise automated storage and retrieval structure (AS/RS). We use future demand scenarios to design the characteristics of each terminal in terms of configuration, equipment and operations. A microscopic simulation model is developed and used to simulate each terminal system for the same operational scenario and evaluate its performance. A cost model is used to evaluate the cost associated with each terminal concept. Our results indicate that automation could improve the performance of conventional terminals substantially and at a much lower cost. Among the four concepts considered the one based on automated guidance vehicles is found to be the most effective in terms of performance and cost