A robust scheme for distributed speech recognition over loss-prone packet channels
Speech Communication
Robust distributed speech recognition in noise and packet loss conditions
Digital Signal Processing
IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing
MMSE-based packet loss concealment for CELP-coded speech recognition
IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing
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This paper presents a mixed recovery scheme for robust distributed speech recognition (DSR) implemented over a packet channel which suffers packet losses. The scheme combines media-specific forward error correction (FEC) and error concealment (EC). Media-specific FEC is applied at the client side, where FEC bits representing strongly quantized versions of the speech vectors are introduced. At the server side, the information provided by those FEC bits is used by the EC algorithm to improve the recognition performance. We investigate the adaptation of two different EC techniques, namely minimum mean square error (MMSE) estimation, which operates at the decoding stage, and weighted Viterbi recognition (WVR), where EC is applied at the recognition stage, in order to be used along with FEC. The experimental results show that a significant increase in recognition accuracy can be obtained with very little bandwidth increase, which may be null in practice, and a limited increase in latency, which in any case is not so critical for an application such as DSR