LayerP2P: using layered video chunks in P2P live streaming
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
Partial forwarding vs. partial participation for dynamic window resizing in P2P streaming
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Multiple description coded video streaming in peer-to-peer networks
Image Communication
GPM: A generic and scalable P2P model that optimizes tree depth for multicast communications
International Journal of Communication Systems
Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments
Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments
The state of peer-to-peer network simulators
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
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The main purpose of many current peer-to-peer (P2P) networks is off-line file sharing. However, a potentially very promising use of such networks is to share video streams (e.g., TV programs) in real time. In order to do so, the peers in a P2P network who are interested in the same video stream may employ Application Level Multicasting (ALM). In existing P2P networks, peers may exhibit behavior which is problematic for ALM: they are not always willing to donate resources (free-riding), and they may arrive and depart at a high rate (churn). In this paper we propose the Orchard algorithm for creating and maintaining ALM trees in P2P networks, which deals with both these problems. By employing a technique called Multiple Description Coding, we split a video stream into several substreams. Orchard creates a dynamic spanning tree for each of these substreams in such a way that in the resulting forest, no peer has to forward more substreams than it receives. Based on an analysis of the expected performance of Orchard and on experiments in a real system, we find that Orchard is capable of maintaining a multicast forest, even when peers join and leave the forest at a high rate.