Why so many clustering algorithms: a position paper
ACM SIGKDD Explorations Newsletter
Personalization of Supermarket Product Recommendations
Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery
A Maximum Variance Cluster Algorithm
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Fuzzy Sets and Systems - Clustering and modeling
Clustering of Symbolic Data and Its Validation
AFSS '02 Proceedings of the 2002 AFSS International Conference on Fuzzy Systems. Calcutta: Advances in Soft Computing
Visual cluster validity for prototype generator clustering models
Pattern Recognition Letters
Cluster validation techniques for genome expression data
Signal Processing - Special issue: Genomic signal processing
Clustering and its validation in a symbolic framework
Pattern Recognition Letters
Fuzzy cluster validation index based on inter-cluster proximity
Pattern Recognition Letters
Unsupervised clustering of dominant scenes in sports video
Pattern Recognition Letters
Self-Organizing-Map Based Clustering Using a Local Clustering Validity Index
Neural Processing Letters
On the structure of hidden Markov models
Pattern Recognition Letters
ACODF: a novel data clustering approach for data mining in large databases
Journal of Systems and Software - Special issue: Performance modeling and analysis of computer systems and networks
A kernel-based subtractive clustering method
Pattern Recognition Letters
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
New indices for cluster validity assessment
Pattern Recognition Letters
Iterative shrinking method for clustering problems
Pattern Recognition
Modeling adiabatic temperature rise during concrete hydration: A data mining approach
Computers and Structures
How to help seismic analysts to verify the French seismic bulletin?
Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence
Pattern Recognition Letters
Performance of data resampling methods for robust class discovery based on clustering
Intelligent Data Analysis
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (TCBB)
A neural clustering and classification system for sales forecasting of new apparel items
Applied Soft Computing
On fuzzy cluster validity indices
Fuzzy Sets and Systems
Data-driven decomposition for multi-class classification
Pattern Recognition
A new approach to hierarchical clustering and structuring of data with Self-Organizing Maps
Intelligent Data Analysis
Unsupervised fuzzy learning and cluster seeking
Intelligent Data Analysis
Randomized metric induction and evolutionary conceptual clustering for semantic knowledge bases
Proceedings of the sixteenth ACM conference on Conference on information and knowledge management
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM/IEEE international conference on Human robot interaction
Ontological interoperability of learning objects: a hybrid graphical-neural approach
ICCOMP'05 Proceedings of the 9th WSEAS International Conference on Computers
An approach of cluster validity on Gabor wavelet based adaptive face recognition
International Journal of Knowledge-based and Intelligent Engineering Systems - Extended papers selected from KES-2006
Mining images using clustering and data compressing techniques
International Journal of Information and Communication Technology
A Bounded Index for Cluster Validity
MLDM '07 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Machine Learning and Data Mining in Pattern Recognition
Choosing the Kernel Parameters for the Directed Acyclic Graph Support Vector Machines
MLDM '07 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Machine Learning and Data Mining in Pattern Recognition
The Study of Dynamic Aggregation of Relational Attributes on Relational Data Mining
ADMA '07 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Advanced Data Mining and Applications
International Journal of Remote Sensing
Knee Point Detection in BIC for Detecting the Number of Clusters
ACIVS '08 Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Advanced Concepts for Intelligent Vision Systems
A Dynamic Approach to Rough Clustering
RSCTC '08 Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Rough Sets and Current Trends in Computing
A Robust Methodology for Comparing Performances of Clustering Validity Criteria
SBIA '08 Proceedings of the 19th Brazilian Symposium on Artificial Intelligence: Advances in Artificial Intelligence
A Family of Cluster Validity Indexes Based on a l-Order Fuzzy OR Operator
SSPR & SPR '08 Proceedings of the 2008 Joint IAPR International Workshop on Structural, Syntactic, and Statistical Pattern Recognition
On the efficiency of evolutionary fuzzy clustering
Journal of Heuristics
Unsupervised Pixel Classification in Satellite Imagery: A Two-stage Fuzzy Clustering Approach
Fundamenta Informaticae
Intrusion detection alarms reduction using root cause analysis and clustering
Computer Communications
A comprehensive validity index for clustering
Intelligent Data Analysis
A transaction pattern analysis system based on neural network
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
A Load Balancing Knapsack Algorithm for Parallel Fuzzy c-Means Cluster Analysis
High Performance Computing for Computational Science - VECPAR 2008
Clustering of document collection - A weighting approach
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Pattern Discovery in Melanoma Domain Using Partitional Clustering
Proceedings of the 2008 conference on Artificial Intelligence Research and Development: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference of the Catalan Association for Artificial Intelligence
Using the Negentropy Increment to Determine the Number of Clusters
IWANN '09 Proceedings of the 10th International Work-Conference on Artificial Neural Networks: Part I: Bio-Inspired Systems: Computational and Ambient Intelligence
Retracted Article: A New Cluster Validity Index for Fuzzy Clustering Based on Similarity Measure
RSFDGrC '07 Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Rough Sets, Fuzzy Sets, Data Mining and Granular Computing
NIVA: a Robust cluster validity
ICCOM'08 Proceedings of the 12th WSEAS international conference on Communications
Metric-based stochastic conceptual clustering for ontologies
Information Systems
Metric-based stochastic conceptual clustering for ontologies
Information Systems
Wrapping VRXQuery with self-adaptive fuzzy capabilities
Web Intelligence and Agent Systems
Fuzzy Clustering for Categorical Spaces
ISMIS '09 Proceedings of the 18th International Symposium on Foundations of Intelligent Systems
Performance evaluation of density-based clustering methods
Information Sciences: an International Journal
A method of relational fuzzy clustering based on producing feature vectors using FastMap
Information Sciences: an International Journal
Separation index and partial membership for clustering
Computational Statistics & Data Analysis
Modified hidden Semi-Markov model for modelling the flat fading channel
IEEE Transactions on Communications
K-means clustering versus validation measures: a data-distribution perspective
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
Performance evaluation of some symmetry-based cluster validity indexes
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C: Applications and Reviews - Special issue on information reuse and integration
IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems
Exploiting data topology in visualization and clustering of self-organizing maps
IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
Clustering: A neural network approach
Neural Networks
Normality-based validation for crisp clustering
Pattern Recognition
Quality indices for (practical) clustering evaluation
Intelligent Data Analysis
A new separation measure for improving the effectiveness of validity indices
Information Sciences: an International Journal
Semi-supervised classification method for dynamic applications
Fuzzy Sets and Systems
Fuzzy Cluster Validation Using the Partition Negentropy Criterion
ICANN '09 Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks: Part II
LightShop: An Interactive Lighting System Incorporating the 2D Image Editing Paradigm
ISVC '09 Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Advances in Visual Computing: Part II
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Symbolic classification, clustering and fuzzy radial basis function network
Fuzzy Sets and Systems
Shadowed c-means: Integrating fuzzy and rough clustering
Pattern Recognition
Combining SOM and local minimum enclosing spheres for novelty detection
CCDC'09 Proceedings of the 21st annual international conference on Chinese control and decision conference
A fuzzy modeling approach to cluster validity
FUZZ-IEEE'09 Proceedings of the 18th international conference on Fuzzy Systems
Exploratory Consensus of Hierarchical Clusterings for Melanoma and Breast Cancer
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (TCBB)
An improved unsupervised clustering algorithm based on population Markov chain
International Journal of Computers and Applications
Clustering of time series data-a survey
Pattern Recognition
Cluster validation using information stability measures
Pattern Recognition Letters
Automatic segmentation of natural scene images based on chromatic and achromatic components
MIRAGE'07 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Computer vision/computer graphics collaboration techniques
Discovery of gene regulatory networks in aspergillus fumigatus
KDECB'06 Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Knowledge discovery and emergent complexity in bioinformatics
Parallel fuzzy c-means cluster analysis
VECPAR'06 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on High performance computing for computational science
A new greedy algorithm for improving b-coloring clustering
GbRPR'07 Proceedings of the 6th IAPR-TC-15 international conference on Graph-based representations in pattern recognition
A new multiobjective clustering technique based on the concepts of stability and symmetry
Knowledge and Information Systems
Generalized external indexes for comparing data partitions with overlapping categories
Pattern Recognition Letters
A reasonable rough approximation for clustering web users
WImBI'06 Proceedings of the 1st WICI international conference on Web intelligence meets brain informatics
Discretization numbers for multiple-instances problem in relational database
ADBIS'07 Proceedings of the 11th East European conference on Advances in databases and information systems
Conceptual clustering applied to ontologies: a distance-based evolutionary approach
MCD'07 Proceedings of the 3rd ECML/PKDD international conference on Mining complex data
Rough-fuzzy clustering: an application to medical imagery
RSKT'08 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Rough sets and knowledge technology
Intra-cluster similarity index based on fuzzy rough sets for fuzzy c-means algorithm
RSKT'08 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Rough sets and knowledge technology
Adaptive immune response network model
ICIC'09 Proceedings of the Intelligent computing 5th international conference on Emerging intelligent computing technology and applications
WCCI'08 Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE world conference on Computational intelligence: research frontiers
Conceptual clustering and its application to concept drift and novelty detection
ESWC'08 Proceedings of the 5th European semantic web conference on The semantic web: research and applications
Electronic Commerce Research and Applications
Evolutionary rough k-medoid clustering
Transactions on rough sets VIII
A fuzzy segmentation method for Computed Tomography images
International Journal of Intelligent Information and Database Systems
The structural clustering and analysis of metric based on granular space
Pattern Recognition
Relational generalizations of cluster validity indices
IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems
A cluster validity index for fuzzy clustering
Fuzzy Sets and Systems
Toward improving re-coloring based clustering with graph b-coloring
PRICAI'10 Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Rim international conference on Trends in artificial intelligence
Validity index for clusters of different sizes and densities
Pattern Recognition Letters
A framework for clustering categorical time-evolving data
IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems
A unifying criterion for unsupervised clustering and feature selection
Pattern Recognition
Hybrid associative retrieval of three-dimensional models
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Dampster-Shafer evidence theory based multi-characteristics fusion for clustering evaluation
RSKT'10 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Rough set and knowledge technology
A new multi-objective technique for differential fuzzy clustering
Applied Soft Computing
Relational duals of cluster-validity functions for the c-means family
IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems
A comparison of internal and external cluster validation indexes
AMERICAN-MATH'11/CEA'11 Proceedings of the 2011 American conference on applied mathematics and the 5th WSEAS international conference on Computer engineering and applications
Minimum spanning tree based split-and-merge: A hierarchical clustering method
Information Sciences: an International Journal
A unique property of single-link distance and its application in data clustering
Data & Knowledge Engineering
PReMI'11 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Pattern recognition and machine intelligence
Comparison of clustering methods: A case study of text-independent speaker modeling
Pattern Recognition Letters
Population-based artificial immune system clustering algorithm
ICARIS'11 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Artificial immune systems
Evolution of human-competitive lossless compression algorithms with GP-zip2
Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines
Subtractive fuzzy C-means clustering approach with applications to fuzzy predictive control
WSEAS Transactions on Systems and Control
Clustering based distributed phylogenetic tree construction
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
A classification of cluster validity indexes based on membership degree and applications
WISM'11 Proceedings of the 2011 international conference on Web information systems and mining - Volume Part I
Web clustering using a two-layer approach
WISM'11 Proceedings of the 2011 international conference on Web information systems and mining - Volume Part II
An extension to rough c-means clustering
RSKT'11 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Rough sets and knowledge technology
Efficient content-based image retrieval using Multiple Support Vector Machines Ensemble
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Long-term monitoring of COPD using wearable sensors
Proceedings of the 2nd Conference on Wireless Health
A two-phase clustering algorithm based on artificial immune network
ICNC'05 Proceedings of the First international conference on Advances in Natural Computation - Volume Part II
Interactive GSOM-Based approaches for improving biomedical pattern discovery and visualization
CIS'04 Proceedings of the First international conference on Computational and Information Science
Effectivity of internal validation techniques for gene clustering
ISBMDA'06 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Biological and Medical Data Analysis
ISMIS'06 Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Foundations of Intelligent Systems
A new clustering approach for symbolic data and its validation: application to the healthcare data
ISMIS'06 Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Foundations of Intelligent Systems
Application of a two-level self organizing map for korean online game market segmentation
SSPR'06/SPR'06 Proceedings of the 2006 joint IAPR international conference on Structural, Syntactic, and Statistical Pattern Recognition
ICANN'06 Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Artificial Neural Networks - Volume Part II
Use of cluster validity in designing adaptive gabor wavelet based face recognition
KES'06 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems - Volume Part I
Collaborative rough clustering
PReMI'05 Proceedings of the First international conference on Pattern Recognition and Machine Intelligence
Protein structure abstractionand automatic clustering using secondary structure element sequences
ICCSA'05 Proceedings of the 2005 international conference on Computational Science and Its Applications - Volume Part II
An efficient similarity-based validity index for kernel clustering algorithm
ISNN'06 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Advances in Neural Networks - Volume Part I
ADMA'06 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Advanced Data Mining and Applications
A partitive rough clustering algorithm
RSCTC'06 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Rough Sets and Current Trends in Computing
Color image segmentation using tensor voting based color clustering
Pattern Recognition Letters
An extended two-phase architecture for mining time series data
KES'05 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems - Volume Part I
Some connectivity based cluster validity indices
Applied Soft Computing
An evolutionary approach for clustering user access patterns from web logs
AI'06 Proceedings of the 19th Australian joint conference on Artificial Intelligence: advances in Artificial Intelligence
Estimation of the number of clusters using multiple clustering validity indices
MCS'10 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Multiple Classifier Systems
A non-parametric method for data clustering with optimal variable weighting
IDEAL'06 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Intelligent Data Engineering and Automated Learning
iVAT and aVAT: enhanced visual analysis for cluster tendency assessment
PAKDD'10 Proceedings of the 14th Pacific-Asia conference on Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining - Volume Part I
Integrating wavelets with clustering and indexing for effective content-based image retrieval
Knowledge-Based Systems
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Objective function-based clustering
Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery
Dynamic rough clustering and its applications
Applied Soft Computing
Unsupervised Pixel Classification in Satellite Imagery: A Two-stage Fuzzy Clustering Approach
Fundamenta Informaticae
RFCM: A Hybrid Clustering Algorithm Using Rough and Fuzzy Sets
Fundamenta Informaticae
An extensive comparative study of cluster validity indices
Pattern Recognition
Hybrid softcomputing model for lesion identification and information combination: some case studies
International Journal of Data Mining and Bioinformatics
Automatic interpretation of proofreading sketches
SBM'06 Proceedings of the Third Eurographics conference on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling
Texture recognition for frog identification
Proceedings of the 1st ACM international workshop on Multimedia analysis for ecological data
Scalable fine-grained behavioral clustering of HTTP-based malware
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Analysing 3G radio network performance with fuzzy methods
Neurocomputing
Warped K-Means: An algorithm to cluster sequentially-distributed data
Information Sciences: an International Journal
On the combination of relative clustering validity criteria
Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Scientific and Statistical Database Management
Local and global scaling reduce hubs in space
The Journal of Machine Learning Research
Review: Soft computing applications in customer segmentation: State-of-art review and critique
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Cluster ensemble selection based on relative validity indexes
Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery
Rough-Fuzzy Clustering for Grouping Functionally Similar Genes from Microarray Data
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (TCBB)
Rough intuitionistic fuzzy C-means algorithm and a comparative analysis
Proceedings of the 6th ACM India Computing Convention
An extension to rough c-means clustering algorithm based on boundary area elements discrimination
Transactions on Rough Sets XVI
An extension to Rough c-means clustering based on decision-theoretic Rough Sets model
International Journal of Approximate Reasoning
Feature weighted unsupervised classification algorithm and adaptation for software cost estimation
International Journal of Computational Intelligence Studies
Fuzzy clustering with biological knowledge for gene selection
Applied Soft Computing
Fundamenta Informaticae - Cognitive Informatics and Computational Intelligence: Theory and Applications
A re-coloring approach for graph b-coloring based clustering
International Journal of Knowledge-based and Intelligent Engineering Systems
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We review two clustering algorithms (hard c-means and single linkage) and three indexes of crisp cluster validity (Hubert's statistics, the Davies-Bouldin index, and Dunn's index). We illustrate two deficiencies of Dunn's index which make it overly sensitive to noisy clusters and propose several generalizations of it that are not as brittle to outliers in the clusters. Our numerical examples show that the standard measure of interset distance (the minimum distance between points in a pair of sets) is the worst (least reliable) measure upon which to base cluster validation indexes when the clusters are expected to form volumetric clouds. Experimental results also suggest that intercluster separation plays a more important role in cluster validation than cluster diameter. Our simulations show that while Dunn's original index has operational flaws, the concept it embodies provides a rich paradigm for validation of partitions that have cloud-like clusters. Five of our generalized Dunn's indexes provide the best validation results for the simulations presented