Emergent Behaviors of Protector, Refugee, and Aggressor Swarms

  • Authors:
  • I. A. Gravagne;R. J. Marks

  • Affiliations:
  • Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Baylor Univ., Waco, TX;-

  • Venue:
  • IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics
  • Year:
  • 2007

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Abstract

Simple rules, when executed by individual agents in a large group, or swarm, can lead to complex behaviors that are often difficult or impossible to predict knowing only the rules. However, aggregate behavior is not always unpredictable-even for swarm models said to be beyond analysis. For the class of swarming algorithms examined herein, we analytically identify several possible emergent behaviors and their underlying causes: clustering, drifting, and explosion. They also analyze the likelihood of these behaviors emerging from randomly selected swarm configurations and present a few examples. The analytic results are illustrated via simulation