In-situ inversion of a cyclic permutation
Information Processing Letters
The Z notation: a reference manual
The Z notation: a reference manual
Structuring Z specifications with views
ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology (TOSEM)
Using Z: specification, refinement, and proof
Using Z: specification, refinement, and proof
The B-book: assigning programs to meanings
The B-book: assigning programs to meanings
ESOP '86 Proceedings of the European Symposium on Programming
ZUM '95 Proceedings of the 9th International Conference of Z Usres on The Z Formal Specification Notation
A Z Specification of the Soft-Link Hypertext Model
ZUM '97 Proceedings of the 10th International Conference of Z Users on The Z Formal Specification Notation
Consistency and Refinement for Partial Specification in Z
FME '96 Proceedings of the Third International Symposium of Formal Methods Europe on Industrial Benefit and Advances in Formal Methods
MPC '95 Mathematics of Program Construction
3FACS'98 Proceedings of the 3rd BCS-FACS conference on Northern Formal Methods
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We define the notion of a coupling schema in Z, and describe the role it plays in data refinement, view composition, and viewpoint unification. In each case coupling schemas relate several state schemas. In data refinement they occur as retrieve relations (abstraction schemas). In specification by views, coupling schemas provide a link between the various views. For viewpoint specification, coupling schemas are closely related to correspondence relations between state schemas in the viewpoints. Simple properties of coupling schemas (e.g. totality, functionality, and consistency) are shown to have important consequences in the techniques listed, and to be very useful for exhibiting the relations between these techniques. It turns out that views and viewpoints can both be seen as variations on, or even as generalisations of, data refinement.