The Z notation: a reference manual
The Z notation: a reference manual
Handbook of logic in artificial intelligence and logic programming
Using Z: specification, refinement, and proof
Using Z: specification, refinement, and proof
The B-book: assigning programs to meanings
The B-book: assigning programs to meanings
Introduction to Mathematical Theory of Computation
Introduction to Mathematical Theory of Computation
Inconsistency and Undefinedness in Z - A Practical Guide
ZUM '98 Proceedings of the 11th International Conference of Z Users on The Z Formal Specification Notation
Closure Induction in a Z-Like Language
ZB '00 Proceedings of the First International Conference of B and Z Users on Formal Specification and Development in Z and B
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We discuss the application of partial functions to elements outside their domain in the context of the Z language and CADiZ tool. We illustrate some surprising results that can arise, and show that they may be readily justified, but also show that undesirable results can arise that are less readily resolved. We offer two possible resolutions, one that involves a simple change to, for example, free types, and another more contentious approach that involves, in particular, a new semantics for Z. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of both approaches.