Image Analysis Using Multigrid Relaxation Methods
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A line-integration based method for depth recovery from surface normals
Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing
The Computation of Visible-Surface Representations
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A Method for Enforcing Integrability in Shape from Shading Algorithms
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Height and gradient from shading
International Journal of Computer Vision
From Few to Many: Illumination Cone Models for Face Recognition under Variable Lighting and Pose
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Pyramid Surface Reconstruction from Normal
ICIG '04 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Image and Graphics
An Algebraic Approach to Surface Reconstruction from Gradient Fields
ICCV '05 Proceedings of the Tenth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV'05) Volume 1 - Volume 01
Combinatorial Surface Integration
ICPR '06 Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Pattern Recognition - Volume 01
Matching Photometric Observation Vectors with Shadows and Variable Albedo
SIBGRAPI '08 Proceedings of the 2008 XXI Brazilian Symposium on Computer Graphics and Image Processing
Integrating the Normal Field of a Surface in the Presence of Discontinuities
EMMCVPR '09 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Energy Minimization Methods in Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Surface reconstruction using polarization and photometric stereo
CAIP'07 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Computer analysis of images and patterns
3D face reconstructions from photometric stereo using near infrared and visible light
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Surface-from-Gradients without Discrete Integrability Enforcement: A Gaussian Kernel Approach
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
What is the range of surface reconstructions from a gradient field?
ECCV'06 Proceedings of the 9th European conference on Computer Vision - Volume Part I
Robust 3D face capture using example-based photometric stereo
Computers in Industry
Real-time recovery of moving 3D faces for emerging applications
Computers in Industry
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We describe a robust method for the recovery of the depth map (or height map) from a gradient map (or normal map) of a scene, such as would be obtained by photometric stereo or interferometry. Our method allows for uncertain or missing samples, which are often present in experimentally measured gradient maps, and also for sharp discontinuities in the scene's depth, e.g. along object silhouette edges. By using a multi-scale approach, our integration algorithm achieves linear time and memory costs. A key feature of our method is the allowance for a given weight map that flags unreliable or missing gradient samples. We also describe several integration methods from the literature that are commonly used for this task. Based on theoretical analysis and tests with various synthetic and measured gradient maps, we argue that our algorithm is as accurate as the best existing methods, handling incomplete data and discontinuities, and is more efficient in time and memory usage, especially for large gradient maps.