Communications of the ACM
Bidirectional associative memories
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics
Neural network learning: a new programming paradigm?
SIGBDP '90 Proceedings of the 1990 ACM SIGBDP conference on Trends and directions in expert systems
Classifying Cells for Cancer Diagnosis Using Neural Networks
IEEE Expert: Intelligent Systems and Their Applications
Review: Hybrid expert systems: A survey of current approaches and applications
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Modeling Paradigms for Medical Diagnostic Decision Support: A Survey and Future Directions
Journal of Medical Systems
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In this paper neural networks are used as associative memories to build an expert system for aiding medical diagnosis. As in expert systems using symbolic manipulation, the knowledge is introduced by a knowledge engineer using a collection of known cases. The system has an object-oriented approach to knowledge organization and the resulting network topology. Fuzzy sets are used to interpret connection values and/or excitation state of the units. The main result is that the proposed neural network allows not only finding a solution in some cases, but also suggests obtaining more clinical data if the data available is insufficient to reach a conclusion. This approach is illustrated by examples.