Ten lectures on wavelets
A friendly guide to wavelets
Efficient and effective querying by image content
Journal of Intelligent Information Systems - Special issue: advances in visual information management systems
Wavelets and subband coding
Fast multiresolution image querying
SIGGRAPH '95 Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
VisualSEEk: a fully automated content-based image query system
MULTIMEDIA '96 Proceedings of the fourth ACM international conference on Multimedia
Wavelet-based image indexing techniques with partial sketch retrieval capability
IEEE ADL '97 Proceedings of the IEEE international forum on Research and technology advances in digital libraries
Supporting similarity queries in MARS
MULTIMEDIA '97 Proceedings of the fifth ACM international conference on Multimedia
Digital Image Processing
Finding Pictures of Objects in Large Collections of Images
ECCV '96 Proceedings of the International Workshop on Object Representation in Computer Vision II
ECCV '96 Proceedings of the 4th European Conference on Computer Vision-Volume II - Volume II
System for Screening Objectionable Images Using Daubechies' Wavelets and Color Histograms
IDMS '97 Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Interactive Distributed Multimedia Systems and Telecommunication Services
Multidirectional and multiscale edge detection via M-band wavelet transform
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Wavelet filter evaluation for image compression
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
SIMPLIcity: a region-based retrieval system for picture libraries and biomedical image databases
MULTIMEDIA '00 Proceedings of the eighth ACM international conference on Multimedia
SIMPLIcity: Semantics-Sensitive Integrated Matching for Picture LIbraries
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Image retrieval with embedded region relationships
Proceedings of the 2003 ACM symposium on Applied computing
International Journal of Computer Vision - Special Issue on Content-Based Image Retrieval
Visual ontology construction for digitized art image retrieval
Journal of Computer Science and Technology
Diversity in multimedia information retrieval research
MIR '06 Proceedings of the 8th ACM international workshop on Multimedia information retrieval
Internet content filtering using isotonic separation on content category ratings
ACM Transactions on Internet Technology (TOIT)
Naked image detection based on adaptive and extensible skin color model
Pattern Recognition
Recognition of Pornographic Web Pages by Classifying Texts and Images
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
An adult image identification system employing image retrieval technique
Pattern Recognition Letters
Recognizing and Filtering Web Images Based on People's Existence
WI-IAT '08 Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology - Volume 01
Skin detection using pairwise models
Image and Vision Computing
Filtering objectionable image based on image content
PRICAI'06 Proceedings of the 9th Pacific Rim international conference on Artificial intelligence
Geometric feature-based skin image classification
ICIC'07 Proceedings of the intelligent computing 3rd international conference on Advanced intelligent computing theories and applications
CBIR system for detecting and blocking adult images
SIP'10 Proceedings of the 9th WSEAS international conference on Signal processing
InFeRno: an intelligent framework for recognizing pornographic web pages
ECML PKDD'11 Proceedings of the 2011 European conference on Machine learning and knowledge discovery in databases - Volume Part III
Recognition of adult images, videos, and web page bags
ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications (TOMCCAP) - Special section on ACM multimedia 2010 best paper candidates, and issue on social media
Detection of pornographic content in internet images
MM '11 Proceedings of the 19th ACM international conference on Multimedia
ICANN'06 Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Artificial Neural Networks - Volume Part II
Badness information audit based on image character filtering
ISPA'05 Proceedings of the 2005 international conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing and Applications
Online learning objectionable image filter based on SVM
PCM'04 Proceedings of the 5th Pacific Rim conference on Advances in Multimedia Information Processing - Volume Part I
Efficient misbehaving user detection in online video chat services
Proceedings of the fifth ACM international conference on Web search and data mining
Automatic nipple detection using shape and statistical skin color information
MMM'10 Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Advances in Multimedia Modeling
Profanity use in online communities
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
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As computers and the Internet become more and more available to families, access of objectionable graphics by children is increasingly a problem that many parents are concerned about. This paper describes WIPE(TM) (Wavelet Image Pornography Elimination), a system capable of classifying an image as objectionable or benign. The algorithm uses a combination of an icon filter, a graph-photo detector, a color histogram filter, a texture filter and a wavelet-based shape matching algorithm to provide robust screening of on-line objectionable images. Semantically-meaningful feature vector matching is carried out so that comparisons between a given on-line image and images in a pre-marked training data set can be performed efficiently and effectively. The system is practical for real-world applications, processing queries at a speed of less than 2s each, including the time taken to compute the feature vector for the query, on a Pentium Pro PC. Besides its exceptional speed, it has demonstrated 96% sensitivity over a test set of 1076 digital photographs found on objectionable news groups. It wrongly classified 9% of a set of 10,809 benign photographs obtained from various sources. The specificity in real-world applications is expected to be much higher because benign on-line graphs can be filtered out with our graph-photo detector with 100% sensitivity and nearly 100% specificity, and surrounding text can be used to assist the classification process.