Robust track-and-trace video watermarking

  • Authors:

  • Lei Yang;Qian Chen;Jun Tian;Dapeng Wu

  • Affiliations:

  • University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32611, U.S.A.;University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32611, U.S.A.;Futurewei Technologies Inc., Hazlet, NJ07730, U.S.A.;University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32611, U.S.A.

  • Venue:
  • Security and Communication Networks
  • Year:
  • 2012

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Abstract

With the development of computers and the Internet, digital multimedia can be distributed and pirated easily. Watermarking is a useful technique for multimedia copyright protection. In this paper, we develop a robust video watermarking system. It consists of two components, that is, watermarking embedder and watermarking detector. In the embedder, we insert a watermark pattern into video frames according to a watermark payload. The watermark pattern is generated from a pseudo-random noise sequence generator using the spread spectrum technique. User and copyright information are mapped to a binary sequence and then encrypted with advanced encryption standard and encoded/protected by convolutional error correction code to produce a watermark payload. The watermark pattern is weighted and embedded to each frame to meet perceptual requirements. In addition, the video is slightly geometrically manipulated in order to defend possible collusion attacks. The detector extracts the watermark from the candidate video. Kanade–Lucas–Tomasi feature tracker is used to register the candidate video with respect to the original video to enhance the correlation with the reference. The cross-correlation sequence is binarized, error correction code decoded, and decrypted. The experimental results show that the proposed video watermark system is very robust to not only geometric attack but also collusion attacks, and that it is perceptually invisible to human vision system. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.