Proceedings of the 2003 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Optical WDM Networks (Optical Networks)
Optical WDM Networks (Optical Networks)
Power efficient traffic grooming in optical WDM networks
GLOBECOM'09 Proceedings of the 28th IEEE conference on Global telecommunications
Reducing power consumption in backbone networks
ICC'09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE international conference on Communications
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Energy-efficiency of protected IP-over-WDM networks with sleep-mode devices
Journal of High Speed Networks - Green Networking and Computing, Part 2 of 2
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Energy consumption in optical backbone networks is increasing due to two main reasons: (i) the exponential growth of bandwidth demands, and (ii) the increase in availability requirements in order to guarantee protection of the ultra high capacity optical channels provided by wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) networks. Although state of the art reliability mechanisms are very efficient in guaranteeing high availability, they do not consider the impact of the protection resources on the network's energy consumption. Dedicated (1:1) path protection (DPP) is a well-known mechanism that provides one extra link-disjoint path for the protection of a connection request. This secondary path is reserved and maintained in an active mode even though it is not utilized most of the time. This means that in-line optical amplifiers and switching nodes/ports are always consuming power even when they are not used to reroute any primary traffic. Moreover secondary paths are on average longer than their respective primary paths. These observations motivated us to investigate the energy savings, when all unused protection resources can be switched into a low-power, stand-by state (or sleep mode) during normal network operation and can be activated upon a failure. It is shown that significant reduction of power consumption (up to 25%) can be achieved by putting protection resources into sleep mode. Moreover, in order to enhance this energy saving figure, this paper proposes and evaluates different energy-efficient algorithms, specifically tailored around the sleep mode option, to dynamically provision 1:1 dedicated path protected connection. The trade-off between energy saving and blocking probability is discussed and an efficient mechanism to overcome this drawback is devised. Our results reveal that a 34% reduction of energy consumption can be obtained with a negligible impact on the network's blocking performance.