Cyber warfare: steganography vs. steganalysis
Communications of the ACM - Voting systems
Direct Fingerprinting on Multicasting Compressed Video
MMM '05 Proceedings of the 11th International Multimedia Modelling Conference
Security Technologies Go Phishing
Computer
The battle against phishing: Dynamic Security Skins
SOUPS '05 Proceedings of the 2005 symposium on Usable privacy and security
Protecting Users Against Phishing Attacks with AntiPhish
COMPSAC '05 Proceedings of the 29th Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference - Volume 01
Fingerprinting schemes. identifying the guilty sources using side information
IWDW'05 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Digital Watermarking
ViWiD: visible watermarking based defense against phishing
IWDW'05 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Digital Watermarking
Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Forensic analysis of nonlinear collusion attacks for multimedia fingerprinting
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
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Tracking the source of impersonation attacks is a difficult challenge for investigators. The attacks are frequently launched from botnets comprised of infected, innocent users and web servers compromised by malware. Current investigative techniques focus on tracking these components. In this paper, we propose the Automated Impersonator Image Identification System (AIIIS), which allows investigators to track images used in impersonation attacks back to the original download from the source. AIIIS accomplishes this by digitally encoding the IP address, server, and time of the image download into the image itself through a digital watermark. AIIIS differs from other image fingerprinting techniques in its combination of dynamic fingerprinting and spread spectrum data hiding. Additionally, the intended goal of AIIIS is tracking impersonation attacks, where the image is a tool used, whereas in most digital rights management techniques, the misuse of the content itself is the primary concern. Our experiments show that the AIIIS system permits recovery even after post-acquisition manipulation of the image, making it a significant addition to the fight against impersonators. The deployment of a pilot of AIIIS was successful in identifying the source of an impersonation attack, and further success is expected with full deployment.