The control revolution: technological and economic origins of the information society
The control revolution: technological and economic origins of the information society
Computing before computers
Can computer science solve organizational problems?: the case for organizational
Computerization and controversy (2nd ed.)
Herman Hollerith: Forgotten Giant of Information Processing
Herman Hollerith: Forgotten Giant of Information Processing
Hollerith Punched Card System Development (1905-1913)
IEEE Annals of the History of Computing
Information systems as a reference discipline
MIS Quarterly
Design science in information systems research
MIS Quarterly
The nature of theory in information systems
MIS Quarterly
International Journal of Information Management: The Journal for Information Professionals
Dances with bees: Exploring the relevance of the study of animal communication to informatics
International Journal of Information Management: The Journal for Information Professionals
International Journal of Information Management: The Journal for Information Professionals
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This paper is part of a series examining the fundamental nature of informatics: a term used as a convenient umbrella term to stand for the overlapping disciplinary areas of information systems, information management and information technology. The aim of the current paper is to consider some of the universal features of information technology. This is accomplished in terms of a conceptual framework established in previous work. We ground the discussion in a significant historical case: that of Hollerith's electric tabulating system which constituted one of the earliest examples of automatic data processing. Through examination of this case and the technologies used we establish an interpretation of the essence of information technology in terms of formative acts of data representation and processing.