Modeling the Shape of the Scene: A Holistic Representation of the Spatial Envelope
International Journal of Computer Vision
Indoor-Outdoor Image Classification
CAIVD '98 Proceedings of the 1998 International Workshop on Content-Based Access of Image and Video Databases (CAIVD '98)
Context-based vision system for place and object recognition
ICCV '03 Proceedings of the Ninth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision - Volume 2
Video Google: A Text Retrieval Approach to Object Matching in Videos
ICCV '03 Proceedings of the Ninth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision - Volume 2
Distinctive Image Features from Scale-Invariant Keypoints
International Journal of Computer Vision
CVPRW '04 Proceedings of the 2004 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshop (CVPRW'04) Volume 12 - Volume 12
A Bayesian Hierarchical Model for Learning Natural Scene Categories
CVPR '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Volume 2 - Volume 02
A Performance Evaluation of Local Descriptors
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Beyond Bags of Features: Spatial Pyramid Matching for Recognizing Natural Scene Categories
CVPR '06 Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Volume 2
Near-Optimal Hashing Algorithms for Approximate Nearest Neighbor in High Dimensions
FOCS '06 Proceedings of the 47th Annual IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science
Review: Which is the best way to organize/classify images by content?
Image and Vision Computing
Scene Classification Using a Hybrid Generative/Discriminative Approach
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Spatial extensions to bag of visual words
Proceedings of the ACM International Conference on Image and Video Retrieval
Building compact local pairwise codebook with joint feature space clustering
ECCV'10 Proceedings of the 11th European conference on Computer vision: Part I
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
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Indoor scene recognition is a challenging problem in the classical scene recognition domain due to the severe intra-class variations and inter-class similarities of man-made indoor structures. State-of-the-art scene recognition techniques such as capturing holistic representations of an image demonstrate low performance on indoor scenes. Other methods that introduce intermediate steps such as identifying objects and associating them with scenes have the handicap of successfully localizing and recognizing the objects in a highly cluttered and sophisticated environment. We propose a classification method that can handle such difficulties of the problem domain by employing a metric function based on the Nearest-Neighbor classification procedure using the bag-of-visual words scheme, the so-called codebooks. Considering the codebook construction as a Voronoi tessellation of the feature space, we have observed that, given an image, a learned weighted distance of the extracted feature vectors to the center of the Voronoi cells gives a strong indication of the image's category. Our method outperforms state-of-the-art approaches on an indoor scene recognition benchmark and achieves competitive results on a general scene dataset, using a single type of descriptor.